In the first part of this work a characterization of the upright stance recovery after balance perturbation administered through external stimuli was performed. Balance response has been analyzed in dynamics, kinematics and electromyographic terms, in order to obtain a complete description of which mechanisms are employed to withstand sudden stance perturbations. A series of parameters have been extracted from center of pressure and center of mass displacement and from electromyographic signals, acquired from lower limb and trunk muscles, in order to obtain a series of indexes which can correlate with the different characteristic of perturbations. From kinematic data, a description of the postural strategies adopted to withstand perturbations has been performed, in order to observe whether different perturbation conditions evoke different responses, employing different articular joints. Eventually, a first attempt to model perturbed upright stance through a double-link inverted pendulum is proposed, applying control systems seldom employed in describing this kind of dynamic motor task. In the second part, the motor control during the walking task was described in terms of muscular activity. Myoelectric signals were acquired in hundreds of consecutive strides, obtaining a new type of description, not only in terms of temporal parameters of muscles activity but also in terms of the occurrence frequency of each muscular activation modality during gait. The main outcomes include the description of co-contraction activity between ankle flexor muscles and the assessment of the recurrence of each co-activation pattern during walking. Furthermore, a description of the whole lower limb muscles behavior was performed, aimed to the quantification of gender-based differences in muscular recruitment during gait. Then, these two aspects were joined in assessing gender-related differences in co-contraction activity of muscles which control the ankle joint mechanics during walking.
Nella prima parte dello studio si è descritto il mantenimento dell’equilibrio in seguito a perturbazioni indotte da stimoli esterni. La risposta posturale è stata analizzata dal punto di vista dinamico, cinematico ed elettromiografico, ottenendo una descrizione completa dei meccanismi adottati per contrastare la perdita di equilibrio. Vari parametri sono stati estratti dallo spostamento del centro di pressione e del centro di massa e sulla base dell’attività muscolare acquisita mediante elettromiografia di superficie, con lo scopo di ottenere indici che correlino con le diverse caratteristiche della perturbazione. Sulla base dei dati cinematici sono state descritte le strategie posturali adottate per contrastare la perturbazione indotta, allo scopo di quantificare se differenti condizioni perturbative facciano sorgere differenti risposte, che prevedono l’uso di differenti strategie articolari. Infine il controllo dell’equilibrio è stato descritto attraverso un modello a doppio pendolo inverso, attraverso tecniche che, sebbene ben note ed impiegate in altri ambiti, risultano poco usate per la descrizione della postura in condizioni dinamiche. Nella seconda parte si è indagato il controllo della dinamica del cammino in termini di attività muscolare, acquisita su centinaia di passi consecutivi, permettendo un nuovo tipo di descrizione non basata solamente su parametri temporali ma anche sulla frequenza con cui ogni modalità di attivazione muscolare di presenta durante il cammino. I principali risultati includono la quantificazione dei pattern di co-contrazione dei flessori di caviglia e la loro ricorrenza durante il cammino. Si sono inoltre descritte le differenze legate al genere riguardanti l’attività dei principali muscoli dell’intero arto inferiore. Basandosi sui precedenti risultati si sono poi quantificate le differenze legate al genere nei pattern di co-contrazione degli antagonisti che regolano la meccanica dell’articolazione di caviglia durante il cammino.
Balance and Motor Control in Dynamic Tasks / Mengarelli, Alessandro. - (2017 Mar 23).
Balance and Motor Control in Dynamic Tasks
MENGARELLI, ALESSANDRO
2017-03-23
Abstract
In the first part of this work a characterization of the upright stance recovery after balance perturbation administered through external stimuli was performed. Balance response has been analyzed in dynamics, kinematics and electromyographic terms, in order to obtain a complete description of which mechanisms are employed to withstand sudden stance perturbations. A series of parameters have been extracted from center of pressure and center of mass displacement and from electromyographic signals, acquired from lower limb and trunk muscles, in order to obtain a series of indexes which can correlate with the different characteristic of perturbations. From kinematic data, a description of the postural strategies adopted to withstand perturbations has been performed, in order to observe whether different perturbation conditions evoke different responses, employing different articular joints. Eventually, a first attempt to model perturbed upright stance through a double-link inverted pendulum is proposed, applying control systems seldom employed in describing this kind of dynamic motor task. In the second part, the motor control during the walking task was described in terms of muscular activity. Myoelectric signals were acquired in hundreds of consecutive strides, obtaining a new type of description, not only in terms of temporal parameters of muscles activity but also in terms of the occurrence frequency of each muscular activation modality during gait. The main outcomes include the description of co-contraction activity between ankle flexor muscles and the assessment of the recurrence of each co-activation pattern during walking. Furthermore, a description of the whole lower limb muscles behavior was performed, aimed to the quantification of gender-based differences in muscular recruitment during gait. Then, these two aspects were joined in assessing gender-related differences in co-contraction activity of muscles which control the ankle joint mechanics during walking.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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