The research presented in this thesis regards the development and implementation of an analytical model, for the characterisation of the fields diffracted by a human body, for AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) applications. In the recent years there was growing demand for contact-less sensors addressed to remote monitoring of vital signs, in order to improve the patients’ quality of life. This kind of systems entails the use of electromagnetic (EM) technology, and their proper design involves the analysis of the interaction between a human body and an electromagnetic wave. EM commercial tools are able to characterise this interaction, but they require a huge memory consumption and a great amount of time computation. To this purpose, an EM model based on the physical optics (PO) approach is presented in this thesis, where a human body was reproduced by homogenous canonical shapes. The analytical model proves to be reliable and sufficiently accurate, reducing the computational burden required by PO-based ray tracing implemented in commercial software. Measurements and simulations with the EM model, implemented in MATLAB, were performed and compared, to test its accuracy and feasibility, considering a metallic sphere, lossless homogeneous objects (sphere and cylinder), and dielectric complex structures (mannequin and real target). In addition, radar Doppler techniques are studied and implemented in the proposed model, in order to analyse and discriminate general activities of a monitored moving target. The use of the EM model allows to optimise the design of unobtrusive sensors, for the remote monitoring of the vital signs, the falls detection and the energy expenditure of physical activities of elderly people in indoor environments.
Il lavoro di ricerca presentato in questa tesi riguarda lo sviluppo e l’implementazione di un modello analitico, per la caratterizzazione dei campi diffratti da un corpo umano, per applicazioni nell’ambito del Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). Negli ultimi anni c’è stata una crescente domanda di sensori senza contatto destinati al monitoraggio da remoto dei parametri vitali, al fine di migliorare la qualità di vita dei pazienti. Questo tipo di sistemi prevede l’utilizzo di una tecnologia basata sulla propagazione di onde elettromagnetiche, e la loro corretta progettazione prevede l’analisi dell’interazione tra corpo umano e onda EM. Programmi di simulazione elettromagnetica sono in grado di caratterizzare tale interazione, ma richiedono un consumo di memoria enorme e una grande quantità di tempo di calcolo. Invece, un modello analitico riduce l’onere computazionale, e si dimostra affidabile e sufficientemente accurato. A tale scopo, un modello EM basato su un approccio di tipo ottica-fisica è presentato in questa tesi, in cui il corpo umano è stato riprodotto mediante forme canoniche omogenee. Misure e simulazioni effettuate con il modello EM, implementato in MATLAB, sono stati eseguite e confrontate, per analizzare l’accuratezza e la fattibilità del modello analitico, considerando una sfera metallica, oggetti omogenei senza perdite (sfera e cilindro), e strutture complesse dielettriche (manichino e target reale). Inoltre, tecniche di radar Doppler sono state studiate e implementate nel modello, al fine di analizzare e discriminare attività generali di un target in movimento. Il modello EM permette di ottimizzare la progettazione di sensori senza contatto, per il monitoraggio da remoto dei parametri vitali, per il rilevamento di cadute e della spesa energetica relativa ad attività fisiche di persone anziane in ambienti chiusi.
Development of an electromagnetic model to characterize the field diffracted by a human body for AAL applications / Manfredi, Giovanni. - (2017 Mar 23).
Development of an electromagnetic model to characterize the field diffracted by a human body for AAL applications
MANFREDI, GIOVANNI
2017-03-23
Abstract
The research presented in this thesis regards the development and implementation of an analytical model, for the characterisation of the fields diffracted by a human body, for AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) applications. In the recent years there was growing demand for contact-less sensors addressed to remote monitoring of vital signs, in order to improve the patients’ quality of life. This kind of systems entails the use of electromagnetic (EM) technology, and their proper design involves the analysis of the interaction between a human body and an electromagnetic wave. EM commercial tools are able to characterise this interaction, but they require a huge memory consumption and a great amount of time computation. To this purpose, an EM model based on the physical optics (PO) approach is presented in this thesis, where a human body was reproduced by homogenous canonical shapes. The analytical model proves to be reliable and sufficiently accurate, reducing the computational burden required by PO-based ray tracing implemented in commercial software. Measurements and simulations with the EM model, implemented in MATLAB, were performed and compared, to test its accuracy and feasibility, considering a metallic sphere, lossless homogeneous objects (sphere and cylinder), and dielectric complex structures (mannequin and real target). In addition, radar Doppler techniques are studied and implemented in the proposed model, in order to analyse and discriminate general activities of a monitored moving target. The use of the EM model allows to optimise the design of unobtrusive sensors, for the remote monitoring of the vital signs, the falls detection and the energy expenditure of physical activities of elderly people in indoor environments.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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