Campylobacter spp. bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans in European Union (EU), with 236.851 confirmed human cases of campylobacteriosis in 2014 (EFSA and ECDC, 2015). The most commonly species detected associated with campylobacteriosis are Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobacter coli (EFSA and ECDC, 2015) but also Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter upsaliensis have been reported to cause human infections (EFSA, 2006). Campylobacters is frequently observed in the intestinal tract of poultry; therefore, the consumption and the handling of raw or undercooked poultry meat constitute the main risk factors for infection (Wingstrand et al., 2006). The aim of study was to evaluate the contamination of Campylobacter spp along the production chain from farm to retail products. Considering the importance to reduce Campylobacter prevalence and the contamination in broiler chickens farms and on broiler carcasses, respectively, the present study was aimed at determining the presence, the genetic diversity and the antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni and C.coli isolated from commercial broiler farms and from chilled broiler carcasses. A total of twenty-two broiler farms located in central Italy were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp by collecting cloacal swabs from randomly selected birds. Simultaneously the presence of microorganisms contamination was evaluated after slaughter on neck skins of chilled broiler chicken carcasses, coming from the same farms. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from eight farms were genetically characterized by single Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (s-AFLP) and then tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs using the microdilution method. Moreover, the presence and the concentration of Campylobacter in poultry products collected at packaging time were investigated; a total of eighty raw broiler chicken meat samples (with skin and skinless) were examined. The effect of refrigeration in two different packaging (modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) and plastic film (PF) packaging) on the survival of Campylobacter at end shelf life was studied. Random C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from broiler chicken meat both at day packaging and at end shelf life were selected for molecular typing with Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility using the microdilution method. Finally, Cdt genes profiles in C. jejuni strains, isolated from broiler chicken meat at end shelf life, were determined.
Campylobacter spp è l’agente patogeno di origine alimentare più comune nell'Unione Europea (UE), con 236.851 casi umani confermati di campilobatteriosi nel 2014 (EFSA e l'ECDC, 2015). Le più comuni specie associate a campilobatteriosi sono Campylobacter jejuni, seguito da Campylobacter coli (EFSA e l'ECDC, 2015) ma anche Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter fetus e Campylobacter upsaliensis sono in grado di causare infezioni umane (EFSA, 2006). Campylobacter è frequentemente isolato nel tratto intestinale del pollame; pertanto, il consumo e la manipolazione di carne di pollame cruda o poco cotta costituiscono i principali fattori di rischio per l'infezione da Campylobacter (Wingstrand et al., 2006). Sulla base di quanto premesso, lo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare la contaminazione di Campylobacter spp lungo la filiera del pollo da carne dall’allevamento al prodotto finito. Considerando l'importanza di ridurre la prevalenza e la contaminazione di Campylobacter negli allevamenti e sulle carcasse dei polli da carne, rispettivamente, il presente studio aveva lo scopo di determinare la presenza, la diversità genetica e la resistenza antimicrobica di ceppi di C. jejuni e C.coli isolati da allevamenti commerciali e da carcasse refrigerate di polli da carne. Un totale di ventidue allevamenti di polli da carne situati nel centro Italia sono stati esaminati per la presenza di Campylobacter spp attraverso la raccolta di tamponi cloacali da polli da carne scelti a caso. Contemporaneamente la presenza della contaminazione da Campylobacter è stata valutata, dopo la macellazione, sulle pelli del collo di carcasse refrigerate di polli da carne, provenienti dagli stessi allevamenti precedentemente esaminati. Ceppi di C. jejuni and C. coli isolati da otto allevamenti di polli da carne sono stati geneticamente caratterizzati tramite polimorfismo dei frammenti di restrizione amplificati con singolo enzima (s-AFLP) e sono stati valutati in termini di suscettibilità agli antimicrobici con il metodo della microdiluizione. Inoltre, è stata studiata la presenza e la concentrazione di Campylobacter nei prodotti avicoli raccolti nella fase di confezionamento; un totale di ottanta campioni di carne di pollo crudo (con pelle e senza pelle), pronti ad essere venduti, sono stati esaminati. L'effetto della refrigerazione in due diversi packaging (confezionamento in atmosfera modificata (ATM) e confezionamento con la classica pellicola per alimenti) sulla sopravvivenza di Campylobacter a fine shelf life è stato indagato. Ceppi random di C. jejuni and C. coli isolati da polli da carne al giorno del confezionamento e a fine shelf life sono stati selezionati per la tipizzazione molecolare tramite elettroforesi in campo pulsato (PFGE) e sottoposti a valutazione del profilo di sensibilità agli antibiotici con il metodo della microdiluizione. Infine è stata indagata la presenza dei geni di virulenza Cdt nei ceppi di C. jejuni, isolati da prodotti avicoli a fine shelf life.
Investigation of Campylobacter spp in broiler chickens from farm to retail / Pergola, Silvia. - (2017 Mar 21).
Investigation of Campylobacter spp in broiler chickens from farm to retail
PERGOLA, SILVIA
2017-03-21
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans in European Union (EU), with 236.851 confirmed human cases of campylobacteriosis in 2014 (EFSA and ECDC, 2015). The most commonly species detected associated with campylobacteriosis are Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobacter coli (EFSA and ECDC, 2015) but also Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter upsaliensis have been reported to cause human infections (EFSA, 2006). Campylobacters is frequently observed in the intestinal tract of poultry; therefore, the consumption and the handling of raw or undercooked poultry meat constitute the main risk factors for infection (Wingstrand et al., 2006). The aim of study was to evaluate the contamination of Campylobacter spp along the production chain from farm to retail products. Considering the importance to reduce Campylobacter prevalence and the contamination in broiler chickens farms and on broiler carcasses, respectively, the present study was aimed at determining the presence, the genetic diversity and the antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni and C.coli isolated from commercial broiler farms and from chilled broiler carcasses. A total of twenty-two broiler farms located in central Italy were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp by collecting cloacal swabs from randomly selected birds. Simultaneously the presence of microorganisms contamination was evaluated after slaughter on neck skins of chilled broiler chicken carcasses, coming from the same farms. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from eight farms were genetically characterized by single Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (s-AFLP) and then tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs using the microdilution method. Moreover, the presence and the concentration of Campylobacter in poultry products collected at packaging time were investigated; a total of eighty raw broiler chicken meat samples (with skin and skinless) were examined. The effect of refrigeration in two different packaging (modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) and plastic film (PF) packaging) on the survival of Campylobacter at end shelf life was studied. Random C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from broiler chicken meat both at day packaging and at end shelf life were selected for molecular typing with Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility using the microdilution method. Finally, Cdt genes profiles in C. jejuni strains, isolated from broiler chicken meat at end shelf life, were determined.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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