There are growing evidence that human activities together with climate change are driving profound changes of marine ecosystems with important repercussions on the goods and services they provide for human wellbeing. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EU), approved in 2008 by the European Parliament and transposed at Italian level in 2010 (Legislative Decree 190/2010), requires Member States to provide information on marine environmental status and to take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of the marine environment by the year 2020. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to improve knowledge on the trophic and thermohaline conditions of the Adriatic Sea related to descriptors 5 (eutrophication) and 7 (hydrographic alterations) which are included in the MSFD and used along with other 9 descriptors for the assessment of GES, through the use and integration of outputs of predictive models, physical and biological data measured in situ and satellite data analyzed at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to better clarify dynamics occurring at local scale, data on thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics of coastal waters of Marche Region have been acquired along with information on the river outflows and nutrient load. Results of this study highlight that during the investigated period temporal patterns occurring at the basin scale are different than those observed at local scale. In particular, while at the basin an increase of water temperature and salinity together with an increase of the phytoplankton biomass have been observed in the last 10-15 years, at a local scale patterns of thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics on a decade are generally opposite and influenced by the river dynamics. Overall results of this study on the one hand highlight the importance of using integrated tools and approaches for the study of the thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics at different spatial scales (Adriatic basin vs. local scale), and on the other represent an important benchmark for a better understanding of the functioning of the Adriatic Sea and the potential changes that could affect the achievement of GES and its maintenance over time.
Ad oggi esistono fortissime evidenze che le attività antropiche stanno causando rapidi cambiamenti alle dinamiche degli ecosistemi marini. Molti di questi cambiamenti stanno già avvenendo negli oceani del nostro pianeta, con potenziali conseguenze negative nelle prossime decadi. La Direttiva Quadro sulla Strategia Marine (MSFD, 200856/EU), approvata nel 2008 dal Consiglio Europeo e dal Parlamento Europeo, richiede agli Stati Membri di fornire informazioni sullo stato di salute dei mari di loro pertinenza " stabilendo un quadro per le azioni comunitarie nel campo delle politiche ambientali marine", e le relative strategie da adottare per migliorare la qualità degli ecosistemi marini al fine di assicurare lo sfruttamento delle risorse anche alle generazioni future. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di identificare pattern utili alla definizione del buono stato ambientale (GES) come richiesto dalla Direttive Europea per i descrittori 5 (eutrofizzazione) e 7 (alterazioni idrografiche) della Direttiva, attraverso l'integrazione di dati fisici e biologici misurati in situ, dati da satellite e output di modelli revisionali a diverse scale spazio temporali. Al fine di comprende meglio anche le dinamiche a piccola scala, sono stati elaborati dati relativi alla portata dei fiumi e al carico dei nutrienti che si immette nelle zone costiere della Regione Marche e il loro impatto sulle acque marine costiere. I risultati di questo studio hanno evidenziato nel periodo preso in esame cambiamenti differenti a grande e piccola scala. Se a scala di bacino il mare Adriatico sta subendo negli ultimi anni un riscaldamento delle acque, con corrispondente aumento della biomassa fitoplantonica, e un innalzamento del valori di salinità, a scala locale le dinamiche marine sembrano più influenzate dalle dinamiche fluviali. Questi risultati permettono di definire delle linee guida necessarie per sviluppare soglie e determinare adeguati standard per le acque del Mare Adriatico, oltre a migliorare la conoscenza della variabilità temporale sia del bacino adriatico sia a scala locale, dove la forzante principale è rappresentata dalle dinamiche fluviali.
Integrated Approaches For The Monitoring And Assessment Of Environmental Status Of The Adriatic Sea In The Framework Of The European Marine Strategy Directive / Busca, Claudia. - (2017 Mar 22).
Integrated Approaches For The Monitoring And Assessment Of Environmental Status Of The Adriatic Sea In The Framework Of The European Marine Strategy Directive
BUSCA, CLAUDIA
2017-03-22
Abstract
There are growing evidence that human activities together with climate change are driving profound changes of marine ecosystems with important repercussions on the goods and services they provide for human wellbeing. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EU), approved in 2008 by the European Parliament and transposed at Italian level in 2010 (Legislative Decree 190/2010), requires Member States to provide information on marine environmental status and to take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of the marine environment by the year 2020. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to improve knowledge on the trophic and thermohaline conditions of the Adriatic Sea related to descriptors 5 (eutrophication) and 7 (hydrographic alterations) which are included in the MSFD and used along with other 9 descriptors for the assessment of GES, through the use and integration of outputs of predictive models, physical and biological data measured in situ and satellite data analyzed at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to better clarify dynamics occurring at local scale, data on thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics of coastal waters of Marche Region have been acquired along with information on the river outflows and nutrient load. Results of this study highlight that during the investigated period temporal patterns occurring at the basin scale are different than those observed at local scale. In particular, while at the basin an increase of water temperature and salinity together with an increase of the phytoplankton biomass have been observed in the last 10-15 years, at a local scale patterns of thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics on a decade are generally opposite and influenced by the river dynamics. Overall results of this study on the one hand highlight the importance of using integrated tools and approaches for the study of the thermohaline and biogeochemical characteristics at different spatial scales (Adriatic basin vs. local scale), and on the other represent an important benchmark for a better understanding of the functioning of the Adriatic Sea and the potential changes that could affect the achievement of GES and its maintenance over time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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