The production of secondary metabolites was reported in many phytoplanktonic organisms including diatoms that have been shown to release different types of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). Several studies described the ability of these compounds to affect the invertebrate reproduction and the phytoplankton growth. However, these studies have focused the ecological role of PUAs primarily in pelagic environment and no information is available on their effect in the benthic one. Ostreopsis cf. ovata is a benthic toxic dinoflagellate causing massive blooms in different coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea including the northern Adriatic Sea. In this thesis we investigated the interactions between some benthic diatoms and Ostreopsis mediated by allelopathic compound. The results of PhD thesis highlighted for the first time the production of PUAs compounds in three common benthic diatoms of the northern Adriatic Sea, i.e. Proschkinia complanatoides, Tabularia affinis, Navicula sp.. Almost the totality of PUAs produced by Navicula sp. consisted of low or medium-chained while the PUAs profiles of T. affinis and P. complanatoides appear more diversified. In a second experiment, we demonstrated a marked inhibition of of O. cf. ovata growth when it was grown in the presence of three commercial PUAs. A higher deleterious effects was observed with longer-chain molecules than with shorter-chain ones and the morphological analysis revealed presence of aberrant forms (motionless, contraction of cytoplasm and formation of abnormal vesicle-like structures), DNA damage, decrease of maximum and effective quantum yields of photosystem II and increase of lipid content. My last study pointed out the inhibition of O. cf. ovata growth when it was exposed to the filtrates of five diatom-PUA producers, two planktonic (Skeletonema marinoi, Thalassiosira sp.) and three benthic (P. complanatoides, Navicula sp. and T.affinis), In addition to these effects, the presence of abnormal forms and a DNA damage were observed.
La produzione di metaboliti secondari è stata osservata in molti organismi fitoplanctonici, incluse le diatomee che sono in grado di rilasciare diversi tipi di aldeidi polinsaturi (PUAs). Diversi studi hanno descritto la capacità di questi composti di influenzare la riproduzione invertebrati e la crescita del fitoplancton. Tuttavia, questi studi si sono concentrati sul ruolo ecologico delle PUAs principalmente in ambiente pelagico e nessuna informazione è disponibile sul loro effetto in quello bentonico. Ostreopsis cf. ovata è un dinoflagellato tossico bentonico che causa massicce fioriture in diverse aree costiere del Mar Mediterraneo incluso il nord Adriatico. In questa tesi ho investigato le interazioni, mediate da composti allelopatici, tra alcune diatomee bentoniche e Ostreopsis. I risultati della tesi di dottorato hanno messo per la prima volta in evidenza la produzione di PUAs in tre diatomee bentoniche comuni del nord Adriatico, cioè Proschkinia complanatoides, Tabularia affinis, Navicula sp . Quasi la totalità delle PUAs prodotte da Navicula sp. era costituita da catene medio corte mentre i profili di T. affinis e P. complanatoides apparivano più diversificati. Il secondo esperimento, ha mostrato una marcata inibizione della crescita di O. cf. ovata quando coltivato in presenza di tre PUAs commerciali. Con le catene lunghe sono stati osservati effetti più deleteri rispetto alle catene corte e l'analisi morfologica ha rivelato la presenza di forme aberranti (perdita mobilità, contrazione del citoplasma e formazione di vescicole anomale), danno al DNA, diminuzione delle rese quantiche del fotosistema II e aumento del contenuto di lipidi. Il mio ultimo studio ha sottolineato l'inibizione della crescita di O. cf. ovata quando quando veniva esposto ai filtrati di cinque diatome produttrici di PUA, due planctoniche (Skeletonema marinoi, Thalassiosira sp.) e tre bentoniche (P. complanatoides, Navicula sp. e T.affinis), Oltre a questi effetti, è stato osservato la presenza di forme anomale e danno al DNA.
Interactions between the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf ovata and marine diatoms / Pichierri, Salvatore. - (2017 Mar 22).
Interactions between the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf ovata and marine diatoms
PICHIERRI, SALVATORE
2017-03-22
Abstract
The production of secondary metabolites was reported in many phytoplanktonic organisms including diatoms that have been shown to release different types of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). Several studies described the ability of these compounds to affect the invertebrate reproduction and the phytoplankton growth. However, these studies have focused the ecological role of PUAs primarily in pelagic environment and no information is available on their effect in the benthic one. Ostreopsis cf. ovata is a benthic toxic dinoflagellate causing massive blooms in different coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea including the northern Adriatic Sea. In this thesis we investigated the interactions between some benthic diatoms and Ostreopsis mediated by allelopathic compound. The results of PhD thesis highlighted for the first time the production of PUAs compounds in three common benthic diatoms of the northern Adriatic Sea, i.e. Proschkinia complanatoides, Tabularia affinis, Navicula sp.. Almost the totality of PUAs produced by Navicula sp. consisted of low or medium-chained while the PUAs profiles of T. affinis and P. complanatoides appear more diversified. In a second experiment, we demonstrated a marked inhibition of of O. cf. ovata growth when it was grown in the presence of three commercial PUAs. A higher deleterious effects was observed with longer-chain molecules than with shorter-chain ones and the morphological analysis revealed presence of aberrant forms (motionless, contraction of cytoplasm and formation of abnormal vesicle-like structures), DNA damage, decrease of maximum and effective quantum yields of photosystem II and increase of lipid content. My last study pointed out the inhibition of O. cf. ovata growth when it was exposed to the filtrates of five diatom-PUA producers, two planktonic (Skeletonema marinoi, Thalassiosira sp.) and three benthic (P. complanatoides, Navicula sp. and T.affinis), In addition to these effects, the presence of abnormal forms and a DNA damage were observed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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