Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that origin from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium), and are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the world. Uterine leiomyomas affect about 77% of women of reproductive-age, and approximately 25% of them bear clinically apparent tumors with symptoms like heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. It is commonly known that these tumors are characterized by increased cell proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Growth of leiomyoma is thought to be dependent on ovarian hormones activity through intermediate elements such as cytokines and growth factors. Raf Kinase Protein Inhibitor (RKIP) has emerging roles as regulator of multiple signaling networks and is associated with an increasing number of diseases through its involvement with signal transduction pathways. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the presence and the role of RKIP in leiomyoma. We demonstrated that RKIP is expressed in human myometrial and leiomyoma tissue. In order to define the RKIP role, we performed in vitro experiments with the chemical compound locostatin, known to bind and block RKIP. We showed that locostatin treatment results in the activation of the MAPK signal pathway (ERK phosphorylation), providing a powerful validation of our targeting protocol. Further, we showed that RKIP inhibition by locostatin reduces ECM components, including collagen1A1, fibronectin, and versican. Moreover, the inhibition of RKIP by locostatin impairs cell proliferation and migration in both leiomyoma and myometrial cells. Finally, we demonstrated that locostatin treatment reduced GSK3β expression. Therefore, even if the activation of MAPK pathway should increase proliferation and migration, the destabilization and inactivation of GSK3β leads to the reduction of proliferation and migration of myometrial and leiomyoma cells.
I leiomiomi uterini (detti anche fibromi, miomi) sono tumori benigni che originano dallo strato muscolare dell’utero (miometrio) e rappresentano la principale indicazione dell’isterectomia nel mondo. I leiomiomi uterini colpiscono circa il 77% delle donne in eta fertile e circa il 25% di esse presenta tumori con sintomatologia clinica evidente, tra cui la presenza di forte o anomalo sanguinamento uterino, dolore o pressione pelvica, infertilità e aborti ricorrenti. È comunemente noto che questi tumori sono caratterizzati da una elevata proliferazione cellulare ed una eccessiva deposizione di matrice extracellulare (ECM). Si ritiene che la crescita dei leiomiomi dipenda dall’azione degli ormoni ovarici mediante elementi intermedi come citochine e fattori di crescita. La Proteina Inibitore della Raf Chinasi (RKIP) ha un ruolo emergente come regolatore in diversi pathway molecolari ed è associato a un numero crescente di malattie, essendo coinvolto indiverse vie di trasduzione del segnale. Lo scopo della presente tesi è stato quello di indagare la presenza e il ruolo dell’RKIP nel leiomioma. Abbiamo dimostrato che l’RKIP è espresso nel miometrio e nel leiomioma. Per individuare il ruolo dell’RKIP, abbiamo eseguito esperimenti in vitro con un composto chimico quale la locostatina, capace di legarsi all’RKIP bloccandolo. Abbiamo dimostrato che il trattamento con la locostatina porta all’attivazione della via di segnale MAPK (fosforilazione di ERK), fornendo una opportuna validazione dell’efficacia nel bloccare l’RKIP. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che l'inibizione dell’RKIP con la locostatina riduce le componenti della ECM, tra cui il collagene 1A1, la fibronectina, e il versican. In aggiunta, l'inibizione dell’RKIP con la locostatina riduce la proliferazione cellulare e la migrazione sia nelle cellule miometriali che di leiomioma. Infine, abbiamo dimostrato che il trattamento con la locostatina riduce l’espressione del GSK3β. Pertanto, anche se l'attivazione delle MAPK dovrebbe far aumentare la proliferazione e la migrazione, la destabilizzazione e l’inattivazione del GSK3β porta alla riduzione della proliferazione e della migrazione delle cellule miometriali e di leiomioma.
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression and function in uterine leiomyoma / Janjusevic, Milijana. - (2016 Feb 25).
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression and function in uterine leiomyoma
Janjusevic, Milijana
2016-02-25
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that origin from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium), and are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the world. Uterine leiomyomas affect about 77% of women of reproductive-age, and approximately 25% of them bear clinically apparent tumors with symptoms like heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. It is commonly known that these tumors are characterized by increased cell proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Growth of leiomyoma is thought to be dependent on ovarian hormones activity through intermediate elements such as cytokines and growth factors. Raf Kinase Protein Inhibitor (RKIP) has emerging roles as regulator of multiple signaling networks and is associated with an increasing number of diseases through its involvement with signal transduction pathways. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the presence and the role of RKIP in leiomyoma. We demonstrated that RKIP is expressed in human myometrial and leiomyoma tissue. In order to define the RKIP role, we performed in vitro experiments with the chemical compound locostatin, known to bind and block RKIP. We showed that locostatin treatment results in the activation of the MAPK signal pathway (ERK phosphorylation), providing a powerful validation of our targeting protocol. Further, we showed that RKIP inhibition by locostatin reduces ECM components, including collagen1A1, fibronectin, and versican. Moreover, the inhibition of RKIP by locostatin impairs cell proliferation and migration in both leiomyoma and myometrial cells. Finally, we demonstrated that locostatin treatment reduced GSK3β expression. Therefore, even if the activation of MAPK pathway should increase proliferation and migration, the destabilization and inactivation of GSK3β leads to the reduction of proliferation and migration of myometrial and leiomyoma cells.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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