The present doctoral degree thesis is based on the implementation of remote sensing (RS) methods habitat mapping and distribution modelling (DMs) techniques as management tools to assess the status of benthic habitats and to support Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) decisions. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to model the spatial boundaries of the physical and biological datasets, as well to assess the proximity of anthropogenic pressures. Through spatial examination, image analysis and underwater video, the biological patterns of habitats/species were related to the variation in geomorphology based on geophysical substrate properties gathered through RS techniques in combination with optical data, collected during the ground truthing sampling. In addition, DMs and classification approaches were applied and their accuracy tested. Finally, a methodological framework was suggested as guideline to inform and provide recommendations to managers and policymakers about how to accurately locate and best protect benthic habitats and its resources, how to evidence possible different sensitivities between habitats in relation to geomorphology, create or redefine different zones or levels of protections at Marine Protected Areas and how to forecast future changes due to global warming and/or anthropogenic activities. General results demonstrate that the produced maps provide information about where the habitats/species could be present and how they are related to the geomorphological context and/or the anthropogenic pressures. Results emphasize the role of critical expert evaluation of spatial predictions before they are used to guide policy. We conclude that RS and DMs could be very useful tools for understanding the distribution of species–habitat associations and to help resources managers make informed and ecologically relevant decisions.
La presente tesi di dottorato prende in considerazione tecniche di rilevamento acustiche (Remote sensing, RS) e ottiche per lo sviluppo di modelli di distribuzione e mappatura (Distribution and mapping modelling, DMS) come strumenti di gestione per valutare lo stato degli habitat bentonici e per supportare decisioni relative alla pianificazione dello spazio marittimo (Marine Spatial Planning). Modelli di distribuzione di habitat e specie sono stati analizzati congiuntamente ad analisi spaziali e analisi di immagine da video subacquei, e messi in relazione alle caratteristiche geomorfologiche del substrato, raccolte tramite RS e validate tramite immersioni di controllo. L’impiego del Sistema Informativo Geografico (GIS) ha permesso di disegnare spazialmente la distribuzione e l’estensione degli habitat così come la distribuzione e l’intensità delle pressioni antropiche, creando quindi un dataset utile a sostenere adeguate scelte gestionali. L’accuratezza dei modelli è stata testata e confrontata. I risultati hanno permesso di definire un quadro metodologico che potrebbe essere facilmente recepito a fini gestionali. Sono infatti state sviluppate delle linee guida da distribuire ai gestori di Aree Marine Protette e ai manager interessati alla gestione della fascia costiera, utili ad inviduare le aree prioritarie in termini di conservazione, sulla base di modelli predittivi che potrebbero suggerire anche eventuali azioni di recupero ambientale. I risultati ottenuti dal presente lavoro mettono quindi in relazione complessità geomorfologica e habitats, permettendo di sviluppare piani di gestione che prendono in considerazione la distribuzione e l’intensità degli impatti antropici.
The use of remote sensing techniques to support marine protected areas management and marine spatial planning decisions / Zapata, PAULA ANDREA. - (2016 Feb 11).
The use of remote sensing techniques to support marine protected areas management and marine spatial planning decisions
ZAPATA, PAULA ANDREA
2016-02-11
Abstract
The present doctoral degree thesis is based on the implementation of remote sensing (RS) methods habitat mapping and distribution modelling (DMs) techniques as management tools to assess the status of benthic habitats and to support Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) decisions. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to model the spatial boundaries of the physical and biological datasets, as well to assess the proximity of anthropogenic pressures. Through spatial examination, image analysis and underwater video, the biological patterns of habitats/species were related to the variation in geomorphology based on geophysical substrate properties gathered through RS techniques in combination with optical data, collected during the ground truthing sampling. In addition, DMs and classification approaches were applied and their accuracy tested. Finally, a methodological framework was suggested as guideline to inform and provide recommendations to managers and policymakers about how to accurately locate and best protect benthic habitats and its resources, how to evidence possible different sensitivities between habitats in relation to geomorphology, create or redefine different zones or levels of protections at Marine Protected Areas and how to forecast future changes due to global warming and/or anthropogenic activities. General results demonstrate that the produced maps provide information about where the habitats/species could be present and how they are related to the geomorphological context and/or the anthropogenic pressures. Results emphasize the role of critical expert evaluation of spatial predictions before they are used to guide policy. We conclude that RS and DMs could be very useful tools for understanding the distribution of species–habitat associations and to help resources managers make informed and ecologically relevant decisions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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