Livestock systems occupy about a third of the planet’s ice-free terrestrial surface area and, in developing countries, serve as an important risk reduction strategy for vulnerable communities. The livestock sector is very sensitive to external disturbances and has just limited capacity to cope with emerging constraints. Recently, Western Balkans were affected by armed conflict after the downfall of the former Yugoslavia. In response to these disturbances, new constraints and development gaps emerged, which the local farmers and breeders had to withstand. Those gaps have widened even further over the time and livestock farming adapted to those changes leading to the abandonment of traditional practices. The main objectives of this thesis were (i) to analyse on a scale of biogeographical regions, taking into account single countries, how the livestock sector is reorganizing, (ii) which constraints are affecting the systems and which set of development options could contribute to their continuity and (iii) how the emerging cow-calf system in different countries diverge in terms of technical efficiency. The livestock sector is now organised on the remains of the communism period and of the conflicts among newly emerging states in the ‘90s. Main perceived constraints are highly related to the economic issues. For the upcoming trends a decrease of participants to the systems, but simultaneously an increase of the number of animals per farm are present. In most cases, the current mean number of animals per farm is below the proposed sustainable level and most of the small and medium farms need to increase their size. The importance of rural development programmes together with the designation and implementation of alternative management practices on both regional and local basis are highlighted as the main development options. In terms of efficiency gaps among the analysed cow-calf farms, smaller and less specialised units operate with the highest estimated result.
I sistemi di allevamento occupano un terzo della superficie terrestre e, nei paesi in via di sviluppo, costituiscono un importante strumento per la riduzione del rischio per le comunità rurali. Questi sistemi sono molto sensibili all’azione di disturbo di fattori esterni ed hanno una scarsa capacità di adattamento. Recentemente, i Balcani occidentali sono stati interessati da conflitti armati dopo la caduta della Jugoslavia. In risposta a questi fattori sono emerse nuove limitazioni e gap di sviluppo che agricoltori ed allevatori hanno dovuto fronteggiare. Tali divari si sono ancor più ampliati nel corso del tempo e le pratiche tradizionali di allevamento sono state abbandonate. Gli obiettivi principali della tesi sono i seguenti: (i) analizzare, in relazione alle regioni biogeografiche e considerando i singoli paesi, come il settore zootecnico si stia riorganizzando, (ii) quali vincoli stanno influenzando i sistemi di allevamento e quali opzioni di sviluppo possono contribuire alla loro continuità e (iii) come si differenzia nei diversi paesi l’efficienza tecnica del sistema vacca-vitello. Attualmente, il settore zootecnico è riorganizzato su ciò che rimane dell’assetto strutturale del periodo comunista dopo i conflitti degli anni '90. I principali vincoli risultano legati alle problematiche economiche dei sistemi. I trend individuati delineano una diminuzione degli allevamenti, ma allo stesso tempo un aumento del numero di animali per azienda. Nella maggior parte dei casi, il numero medio di animali per azienda si trova attualmente al di sotto del livello sostenibile e le aziende di piccole e medie dimensioni hanno la necessità di aumentare la loro dimensione. L'importanza dei programmi di sviluppo rurale, insieme alla definizione e all'attuazione di pratiche alternative di gestione, sia a livello di regione biogeografica che locale, sono identificate come le principali opzioni di sviluppo. L’analisi del sistema vacca-vitello evidenzia che le aziende che operano con più elevata efficienza sono quelle di dimensioni minori e meno specializzate.
Options for the sustainable development of livestock production systems in the Western Balkans / Sedic, Elmir. - (2016 Feb 26).
Options for the sustainable development of livestock production systems in the Western Balkans
Sedic, Elmir
2016-02-26
Abstract
Livestock systems occupy about a third of the planet’s ice-free terrestrial surface area and, in developing countries, serve as an important risk reduction strategy for vulnerable communities. The livestock sector is very sensitive to external disturbances and has just limited capacity to cope with emerging constraints. Recently, Western Balkans were affected by armed conflict after the downfall of the former Yugoslavia. In response to these disturbances, new constraints and development gaps emerged, which the local farmers and breeders had to withstand. Those gaps have widened even further over the time and livestock farming adapted to those changes leading to the abandonment of traditional practices. The main objectives of this thesis were (i) to analyse on a scale of biogeographical regions, taking into account single countries, how the livestock sector is reorganizing, (ii) which constraints are affecting the systems and which set of development options could contribute to their continuity and (iii) how the emerging cow-calf system in different countries diverge in terms of technical efficiency. The livestock sector is now organised on the remains of the communism period and of the conflicts among newly emerging states in the ‘90s. Main perceived constraints are highly related to the economic issues. For the upcoming trends a decrease of participants to the systems, but simultaneously an increase of the number of animals per farm are present. In most cases, the current mean number of animals per farm is below the proposed sustainable level and most of the small and medium farms need to increase their size. The importance of rural development programmes together with the designation and implementation of alternative management practices on both regional and local basis are highlighted as the main development options. In terms of efficiency gaps among the analysed cow-calf farms, smaller and less specialised units operate with the highest estimated result.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi_Sedic.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: Tesi_Sedic.pdf
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza d'uso:
Creative commons
Dimensione
4.97 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.97 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.