METABOLIC AND ENZYMATIC PROFILING OF NAD BIOSYNTHESIS IN MODEL MOUSE TISSUES UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS The present study focuses on the metabolism of NAD biosynthesis in mammals, and in particular on its involvement in several neurological diseases sharing common axon degenerative phenomena. NAD is an essential cofactor involved in both redox and non-redox cellular reactions and processes. Its metabolic enzymes are different and copious, and mainly known from expression studies, often with no direct determination of their enzyme activity in vivo. In this view, this work has been focused on the development of appropriate analytical assays for detection of both enzyme activities and the metabolites corresponding to their physiological substrates and products. The study has been carried out using a animal model (Mus musculus) widely employed for the study of human pathologies, and focusing on essential enzyme activities catalyzing the final steps of the two metabolic routes leading to NAD biosynthesis, i.e. NAD synthetase (EC 6.3.5.1) and NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1), that is represented in mammals by three distinct isozyme forms. The resulting data converged into three manuscripts, either in preparation or submitted for publication, attached to the present thesis. The first paper shows a rational reconstruction, in different mouse model tissues, of the physiological metabolism underlying NAD synthesis through the two distinct routes known as “amidated” and “deamidated”. The observed tissue-specific differences have been further discussed in the context of known NAD-related diseases and the potential pharmacological treatment with NAD precursors. The second paper, carried out in collaboration, shows a NAD precursor as a possible causal factor promoting axon degeneration after nerve injury, suggesting new possible therapies for a large number of neuronal and neurological disorders. The third paper, also in collaboration, has been focused instead to verify the absence of a physiological circadian regulation of NAD in both central and peripheral nervous system, previously postulated by similarity with other mammalian organs, like liver. Comprehensively, the present study confirms the pivotal role of NAD, and of its metabolism, in the physiology of the cell, particularly for the development and the cure of relevant chronic or degenerative diseases, largely impacting our Society mainly because linked to progressive ageing of the population.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce nel quadro dello studio del metabolismo di biosintesi del NAD nei mammiferi, e del suo coinvolgimento in diverse malattie neurologiche accomunate dal fenomeno di degenerazione assonale. Il NAD è un cofattore essenziale sia nei processi redox cellulari che in altrettanto importanti processi di tipo non redox. Gli enzimi coinvolti nel suo metabolismo cellulare sono molti e le attuali informazioni sono principalmente derivate da studi di espressione, senza determinazione diretta dell’attività enzimatica. In tale ambito, il lavoro è stato focalizzato allo sviluppo di appropriati metodi analitici di saggio dell’attività enzimatica e dei metaboliti corrispondenti ai loro substrati e prodotti fisiologici. Lo studio è stato condotto su un animale modello (Mus musculus) frequentemente impiegato per lo studio di patologie umane, e ha riguardato attività enzimatiche essenziali coinvolte nella parte finale dei diversi percorsi metabolici che portano alla biosintesi del NAD, in particolare l’enzima NAD sintetasi (EC 6.3.5.1) ed i tre isoenzimi NMN adenililtrasferasi (EC 2.7.7.1) noti nei mammiferi. I dati ottenuti sono presentati in tre lavori in corso di preparazione o sottomissione per la pubblicazione, allegati al presente lavoro di tesi. Il primo lavoro presenta una ricostruzione razionale, su diversi tessuti murini modello, del metabolismo fisiologico della formazione del NAD attraverso due percorsi distinti noti come vie “amidata” e “deamidata”. Le differenze tessuto-specifiche osservate sono interessanti nel contesto delle malattie associate al NAD e dei potenziali trattamenti farmacologici attualmente proposti, basati su precursori del NAD. I risultati del secondo lavoro, condotto in collaborazione, identificano un precursore del NAD come possibile agente causale della degenerazione assonale, suggerendo nuove possibilità terapeutiche per una vasta gamma di patologie neurologiche e neuronali. Il terzo studio, anch’esso in collaborazione, è stato invece dedicato alla verifica dell’assenza di fisiologiche oscillazioni circadiane del NAD nel sistema nervoso centrale e periferico, che era stata ipotizzata alla luce del fatto che tale regolazione è stata riscontrata nei mammiferi a carico di altri organi, tra cui fegato e tessuto adiposo. Nel suo complesso questo studio delinea il ruolo fondamentale del NAD e del suo metabolismo nei delicati equilibri cellulari fisiologici e, soprattutto, nello sviluppo e nella cura di patologie rilevanti di tipo cronico-degenerativo, di largo impatto nelle Società moderna perchè legate al progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione.
Metabolic and enzymatic profiling of NAD biosynthesis in model mouse tissues under physiological and pathological conditions / Mori, Valerio. - (2014 Mar 28).
Metabolic and enzymatic profiling of NAD biosynthesis in model mouse tissues under physiological and pathological conditions
Mori, Valerio
2014-03-28
Abstract
METABOLIC AND ENZYMATIC PROFILING OF NAD BIOSYNTHESIS IN MODEL MOUSE TISSUES UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS The present study focuses on the metabolism of NAD biosynthesis in mammals, and in particular on its involvement in several neurological diseases sharing common axon degenerative phenomena. NAD is an essential cofactor involved in both redox and non-redox cellular reactions and processes. Its metabolic enzymes are different and copious, and mainly known from expression studies, often with no direct determination of their enzyme activity in vivo. In this view, this work has been focused on the development of appropriate analytical assays for detection of both enzyme activities and the metabolites corresponding to their physiological substrates and products. The study has been carried out using a animal model (Mus musculus) widely employed for the study of human pathologies, and focusing on essential enzyme activities catalyzing the final steps of the two metabolic routes leading to NAD biosynthesis, i.e. NAD synthetase (EC 6.3.5.1) and NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1), that is represented in mammals by three distinct isozyme forms. The resulting data converged into three manuscripts, either in preparation or submitted for publication, attached to the present thesis. The first paper shows a rational reconstruction, in different mouse model tissues, of the physiological metabolism underlying NAD synthesis through the two distinct routes known as “amidated” and “deamidated”. The observed tissue-specific differences have been further discussed in the context of known NAD-related diseases and the potential pharmacological treatment with NAD precursors. The second paper, carried out in collaboration, shows a NAD precursor as a possible causal factor promoting axon degeneration after nerve injury, suggesting new possible therapies for a large number of neuronal and neurological disorders. The third paper, also in collaboration, has been focused instead to verify the absence of a physiological circadian regulation of NAD in both central and peripheral nervous system, previously postulated by similarity with other mammalian organs, like liver. Comprehensively, the present study confirms the pivotal role of NAD, and of its metabolism, in the physiology of the cell, particularly for the development and the cure of relevant chronic or degenerative diseases, largely impacting our Society mainly because linked to progressive ageing of the population.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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