Stone fruits, especially peach (Prunus persica), are among the most important tree species grown in the Mediterranean basin, subject to viral infections, in particular caused by Plum Pox Virus (PPV), the etiologic agent of Sharka disease, which leads to significant agronomic and economic losses. At the moment there are no means of direct struggle against such infection but only means of prevention, which are often not effective and associated to environmental sustainability issues and costs for farmers. For this reason many programs of genomic studies and traditional breeding are aimed at understanding the mechanisms of resistance. The application of traditional breeding to the genus Prunus to introduce this character has many limitations: the difficulty of finding genetic sources of resistance, time-consuming and introgression of agronomically negative traits. The application of genetic transformation techniques, useful for functional studies, could be used to introduce resistance genes identified in Prunus spp. or genes for the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) capable of inducing resistance to viruses. Until now, the application of genetic transformation techniques in peach has not proved to be efficient, in particular for somatic tissues. An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration (Mezzetti et al., 2002), via organogenesis, was efficiently adapted for regeneration and the genetic transformation of a cultivar and rootstock of peach and a rootstock of apricot. Two different methods of transformation have been developed and used, one mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, applied on meristematic bulks, and the other mediated by the biolistic technique used for the transformation of meristematic clusters and vegetative apex. The transformation experiments were conducted using hairpin genetic constructs for the induction of PPV resistance through the mechanism of PTGS.
Le drupacee, in par-colare il pesco (Prunus persica), sono tra le specie arboree più importan- col-vate nel bacino del Mediterraneo, tu9avia infezioni virali determinate in par-colare da Plum Pox Virus (PPV), agente eziologico della Sharka, sono la causa di notevoli perdite agronomiche ed economiche. Al momento non ci sono mezzi di lo9a dire9a contro tale infezione ma solo mezzi di prevenzione non sempre efficaci e con problemi di sostenibilità ambientale e di cos- per gli agricoltori. Per questo mo-vo mol- programmi di studi genomici e di breeding tradizionale sono finalizza- a conoscere i meccanismi di resistenza. L’applicazione del breeding tradizionale al genere Prunus per introdurre questo cara9ere presenta molte limitazioni: difficoltà di reperire fon- gene-che di resistenza, tempi lunghi e introgressione di cara9eri agronomicamente nega-vi. L’applicazione delle tecniche di trasformazione gene-ca, u-li per studi funzionali, potrebbero essere usa- per introdurre geni di resistenza individua- in Prunus spp. o geni per il silenziamento genico post‐trascrizionale (PTGS) capaci di indurre resistenza a virus. L’applicazione in pesco delle tecniche di trasformazione gene-ca non è risultata finora efficiente, in par-colare nel caso di tessu- soma-ci. Un efficiente protocollo di rigenerazione in vitro (MezzeO et al., 2002), mediante organogenesi, è stato ada9ato efficientemente, per la rigenerazione e per la trasformazione gene-ca di una cul-var e portainnesto di pesco e di un portainnesto di albicocco. Sono sta- sviluppa- e u-lizza- due differen- metodi di trasformazione, quello mediato da Agrobacterium tumefaciens, applicato su ammassi di cellule meristema-che e quello biolis-co u-lizzato sia per la trasformazione di ammassi meristema-ci che di apici vegeta-vi. Gli esperimen- di trasformazione gene-ca sono sta- condoO u-lizzando costruO a “forcina” per l’induzione della resistenza a PPV tramite il meccanismo del PTGS.
Strategies for the genetic transformation, via organogenesis, of Prunus SPP to induce resistance to Plum Pox Virus (PPV) through post-transcriptional gene silencing / Sabbadini, Silvia. - (2013 Mar 11).
Strategies for the genetic transformation, via organogenesis, of Prunus SPP to induce resistance to Plum Pox Virus (PPV) through post-transcriptional gene silencing
Sabbadini, Silvia
2013-03-11
Abstract
Stone fruits, especially peach (Prunus persica), are among the most important tree species grown in the Mediterranean basin, subject to viral infections, in particular caused by Plum Pox Virus (PPV), the etiologic agent of Sharka disease, which leads to significant agronomic and economic losses. At the moment there are no means of direct struggle against such infection but only means of prevention, which are often not effective and associated to environmental sustainability issues and costs for farmers. For this reason many programs of genomic studies and traditional breeding are aimed at understanding the mechanisms of resistance. The application of traditional breeding to the genus Prunus to introduce this character has many limitations: the difficulty of finding genetic sources of resistance, time-consuming and introgression of agronomically negative traits. The application of genetic transformation techniques, useful for functional studies, could be used to introduce resistance genes identified in Prunus spp. or genes for the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) capable of inducing resistance to viruses. Until now, the application of genetic transformation techniques in peach has not proved to be efficient, in particular for somatic tissues. An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration (Mezzetti et al., 2002), via organogenesis, was efficiently adapted for regeneration and the genetic transformation of a cultivar and rootstock of peach and a rootstock of apricot. Two different methods of transformation have been developed and used, one mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, applied on meristematic bulks, and the other mediated by the biolistic technique used for the transformation of meristematic clusters and vegetative apex. The transformation experiments were conducted using hairpin genetic constructs for the induction of PPV resistance through the mechanism of PTGS.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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