Paysandisia archon (Burmeister 1880) has been accidentally introduced to Europe from Argentina in the mid nineties, becoming an invasive species in Italy, Spain and France, where it has been the cause of high palm mortalities, in both nurseries and urban areas. The aim of this study was to provide a qualitative and quantitative description of P. archon courtship and copulatory behaviour in semifield condition. Then, to assess the role of olfaction, visual and mechanosensory stimuli, bioassays with antennectomized adults and dummies, were performed. Moreover morphological investigations of ovipositor and antennae were carried out. A fairly fixed pattern of courtship and copulatory sequence emerged, consisting of 10 steps. In P. archon courtship behaviour, we showed that visual cues are involved deeply in mate location. P. archon females first approached the perching male who then pursued activated mainly by the movement of flying female. We hypothesized that at close range, during female first approach or/and pair flight, olfactory cues could be released by the female stimulating the copulatory behaviour. Our morphological investigations confirmed that there is no evidence of glandular tissues in the ovipositor, commonly found in female moths. Moreover we observed that P. archon antennae are thin and clubbed without any evident sexual dimorphism and reduced sensillar surface as in day-flying butterflies. Six types of sensilla were found: chaetica, likely mechano-gustatory chemoreceptors; trichoidea, basiconica and auricillica multiporous olfactory chemoreceptors; coeloconica with olfactory or a double olfactory-thermoreceptory function and ampullacea likely thermo-hygroreceptors. All these results have pointed out behavioural and morphological similarities of this castniid palm moth with butterflies rather than moths, providing the necessary background knowledge on several aspects of P. archon reproductive behaviour of practical importance in Integrated Pest Management strategies.
Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) è stata accidentalmente introdotta in Europa dall’Argentina nella metà degli anni ’90, diventando una specie dannosa in Francia, Italia e Spagna causando un’elevata mortalità di palme, sia in vivaio che in ambiente urbano. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato di fornire una descrizione qualitativa e quantitativa del comportamento di corteggiamento e accoppiamento in P. archon. Inoltre, per approfondire il ruolo degli stimoli olfattivi, visivi e meccanosensoriali, sono stati condotti dei biosaggi con adulti aventi antenne amputate e zimbelli. Infine sono state effettuate indagini di morfologia funzionale dell’ovopositore e delle antenne. E’ stato osservato che la sequenza di corteggiamento e accoppiamento in P. archon è composta da 10 fasi. È emerso che la vista è coinvolta nella localizzazione del partner. Le femmine si sono avvicinate per prime al maschio che poi le ha inseguite stimolato principalmente dal movimento della femmina in volo. Abbiamo ipotizzato che a breve raggio, durante l’avvicinamento della femmina e/o il volo di coppia, stimoli olfattivi potrebbero essere emessi dalla femmina stimolando l’accoppiamento. Le indagini morfologiche hanno confermato che, in P. archon, non c’è evidenza di tessuti ghiandolari nell’ovopositore, generalmente presenti nei lepidotteri notturni. Inoltre, le antenne sono clavate senza alcun evidente dimorfismo sessuale e con una ridotta superficie sensillare come nei lepidotteri diurni. Infine 6 tipi di sensilli sono stati identificati: chetici, probabili meccano-chemiocettori gustativi; tricoidei, basiconici e auricillici chemiorecettori olfattivi; celoconici olfattivi o chemiorecettori olfattivi e termorecettori e ampullacei probabili termo-igrorecettori. Questi risultati hanno evidenziato in P. archon analogie comportamentali e morfologiche con i lepidotteri diurni piuttosto che con i lepidotteri notturni, fornendo conoscenze su diversi aspetti del comportamento riproduttivo di questa specie di importanza applicativa nelle strategie di lotta integrata.
Reproductive biology of Paysandisia archon (Burmeister 1880): behavioural and morphological investigations / Verdolini, Elisa. - (2013 Mar 11).
Reproductive biology of Paysandisia archon (Burmeister 1880): behavioural and morphological investigations
Verdolini, Elisa
2013-03-11
Abstract
Paysandisia archon (Burmeister 1880) has been accidentally introduced to Europe from Argentina in the mid nineties, becoming an invasive species in Italy, Spain and France, where it has been the cause of high palm mortalities, in both nurseries and urban areas. The aim of this study was to provide a qualitative and quantitative description of P. archon courtship and copulatory behaviour in semifield condition. Then, to assess the role of olfaction, visual and mechanosensory stimuli, bioassays with antennectomized adults and dummies, were performed. Moreover morphological investigations of ovipositor and antennae were carried out. A fairly fixed pattern of courtship and copulatory sequence emerged, consisting of 10 steps. In P. archon courtship behaviour, we showed that visual cues are involved deeply in mate location. P. archon females first approached the perching male who then pursued activated mainly by the movement of flying female. We hypothesized that at close range, during female first approach or/and pair flight, olfactory cues could be released by the female stimulating the copulatory behaviour. Our morphological investigations confirmed that there is no evidence of glandular tissues in the ovipositor, commonly found in female moths. Moreover we observed that P. archon antennae are thin and clubbed without any evident sexual dimorphism and reduced sensillar surface as in day-flying butterflies. Six types of sensilla were found: chaetica, likely mechano-gustatory chemoreceptors; trichoidea, basiconica and auricillica multiporous olfactory chemoreceptors; coeloconica with olfactory or a double olfactory-thermoreceptory function and ampullacea likely thermo-hygroreceptors. All these results have pointed out behavioural and morphological similarities of this castniid palm moth with butterflies rather than moths, providing the necessary background knowledge on several aspects of P. archon reproductive behaviour of practical importance in Integrated Pest Management strategies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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