This study analysed the Functional Reach Test used in the clinical practice to identify elderly subjects at risk of recurrent falls. Functional Reach (FR) is defined as the maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed base of support in the standing position. As shown in literature, the FR measure is not able to differentiate between healthy elderly people and individuals with balance impairments. More information can be obtained from this motor task by looking in more detail at the kinematic behaviour, the motor strategies employed and also at the electromyographic activity pattern. The study is composed of two parts: the first one is focused on the description of the principal kinematic parameters that characterise the motor task and on the investigation of the motor strategies used during the test. The second one is carried out in the electromyographic analysis of specific muscles of the body to understand timing of muscle activity during the FR. The study was conducted on non-neuropathic (CTRL) and neuropathic diabetic (DN) subjects. Results highlight how similar FR values can be obtained by different movement strategies: for CTRL subjects, FR is mainly performed by trunk flexion in the sagittal plane; instead, for DN patients, FR is also significantly accomplished by trunk rotation in the horizontal plane. So, during the FR test, although a great part of movement occurs in the sagittal plane, rotational movements in the transverse and coronal planes also occur and cannot be disregarded. From the electromyographic point of view, the two groups analysed, show a similar behaviour, with anticipatory activity of tibialis anterior, necessary to move the centre of pressure backward and to give rise to the ankle dorsi-flexor moment able to unbalance the body forward. The difference is in the timing of this muscle activation: in fact, in DN patients, the tibialis anterior is activated earlier than its activation in CTRL subjects.
La tesi prende in esame un particolare test clinico, il Functional Reach (FR) Test, utilizzato in clinica per l’identificazione del soggetto anziano a rischio di cadute ricorrenti. Come è mostrato in letteratura, tale test non è in grado di discriminare al meglio il soggetto anziano sano dall’individuo con problemi di equilibrio. Maggiori informazioni potrebbero essere ottenuto esaminando più nel dettaglio il comportamento cinematico, le strategie motorie utilizzate e i pattern elettromiografici messi in atto dal soggetto durante lo svolgimento del test. lo studio si compone di due parti: la prima si concentra sulla descrizione dei principali parametri cinematici che caratterizzano il task motorio e sull’individuazione delle strategie motorie usate durante il test. la seconda si focalizza sull’analisi elettromiografica di specifici muscoli del corpo per capire le tempistiche delle attivazioni muscolari durante il FR. Lo studio è stato condotto su soggetti diabetici e diabetici neuropatici. I risultati mostrano come simili valori di FR possono essere ottenuti da differenti strategie di movimento: per i diabetici non neuropatici il FR è maggiormente dovuto a una flessione del tronco nel piano sagittale, invece, per i diabetici neuropatici il movimento è accompagnato anche da una significativa rotazione del tronco nel piano sagittale. Quindi, durante il FR, anche se gran parte del movimento si verifica nel piano sagittale, si verificano anche movimenti rotazionali nel piano trasverso e coronale. Da un punto di vista elettromiografico, i due gruppi mostrano un comportamento simile, con un’attività anticipatoria del Tibiale Anteriore necessaria per muovere il centro di pressione all’indietro e dare luogo a un momento di dorsi-flessione della caviglia capace di sbilanciare il corpo in avanti. La differenza si registra nel timing di attivazione di questo muscolo, che per i diabetici neuropatici si attiva prima rispetto a quello che accade per i diabetici non neuropatici.
Kinematic, dynamic and electromyographic analysis of functional reach in diabetic subjects / Maranesi, Elvira. - (2013 Feb 18).
Kinematic, dynamic and electromyographic analysis of functional reach in diabetic subjects
Maranesi, Elvira
2013-02-18
Abstract
This study analysed the Functional Reach Test used in the clinical practice to identify elderly subjects at risk of recurrent falls. Functional Reach (FR) is defined as the maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed base of support in the standing position. As shown in literature, the FR measure is not able to differentiate between healthy elderly people and individuals with balance impairments. More information can be obtained from this motor task by looking in more detail at the kinematic behaviour, the motor strategies employed and also at the electromyographic activity pattern. The study is composed of two parts: the first one is focused on the description of the principal kinematic parameters that characterise the motor task and on the investigation of the motor strategies used during the test. The second one is carried out in the electromyographic analysis of specific muscles of the body to understand timing of muscle activity during the FR. The study was conducted on non-neuropathic (CTRL) and neuropathic diabetic (DN) subjects. Results highlight how similar FR values can be obtained by different movement strategies: for CTRL subjects, FR is mainly performed by trunk flexion in the sagittal plane; instead, for DN patients, FR is also significantly accomplished by trunk rotation in the horizontal plane. So, during the FR test, although a great part of movement occurs in the sagittal plane, rotational movements in the transverse and coronal planes also occur and cannot be disregarded. From the electromyographic point of view, the two groups analysed, show a similar behaviour, with anticipatory activity of tibialis anterior, necessary to move the centre of pressure backward and to give rise to the ankle dorsi-flexor moment able to unbalance the body forward. The difference is in the timing of this muscle activation: in fact, in DN patients, the tibialis anterior is activated earlier than its activation in CTRL subjects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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