This study centers on the acknowledgement of some narrow limits of our legal system within which private autonomy moves. A new kind of destination negotiation was introduced, thanks to the law n. 51 of February 23 2006, in the field of freedom of assets. Since its inception, it has posed interpretation and implementation problems due to a laconic and inaccurate legislative formulation. We focused therefore, provided a brief historic excursus, on the many critical issues related to the often conflicting interpretation of regulations that had to be confronted with the confusing and generic text of article 2645 ter of the Civil Code. Still remain unresolved the following key questions: whether, given the forecast of the numerus clausus of real rights, this principle has not been undermined both in relation to the " active side" of the beneficiary and to the "passive position" of the contributor, whose right would be subjected to a compression. We asked ourselves if this might give birth to a new legislative figure able to create real atypical rights, whose legitimacy could be properly invoked by a constitutional reading of the case. Again we focused, based on typical separated assets, on the issue of alleged infringement of financial liability in the typical and atypical destinations, in contrast with art. 2740, second paragraph, asserting that these are worthy of all interests and the legitimate destination doesn’t undermine creditors as when it injures the warranty sheet. The recall of the Regulation art. 1322, second paragraph, c.c., imposed to address the issue of the worthiness of interest and social utility, already a subject of debate, reopened, however, in a doctrine that has always shown a number of uncertainties regarding the concept itself. In addition, linked to the above issue is the significant importance that, in the preparation of an act of destination, assumes the role of the Notary whose task is to value the "deserving” interests and overcome the numerous problems due to lack of discipline. These, together with other causes of reflection, are laid down in the present article in consideration of the impact that the use of the institute can have in terms of free movement of goods and sufficient allocation of economic resources. The present study, in fact, attempts to assess the social impact in economic terms resulting from the implementation of the institute, imagining possible scenarios, which appear different due to the many possible interpretation caused by uncertain wording of the regulation. Cleared (or not) the terms of the issues addressed, the existence of a new substantive discipline can’t be denied, which can prove to be a valuable asset in such matters as family balance sheet, especially separation agreements or coexistence. In addition, it was suggested a further practical application of art. 2645 cc ter relative to the power of attorney, in particular attempting to find solutions to the old issue of the mandate without representation, and, especially, the instrumental purchase acquired by the agent. Inevitably, then, the comparison with an institution... the trust.
Il presente studio muove dal riscontro all’interno del nostro ordinamento degli stretti limiti entro cui si muove l’autonomia privata. Con legge n. 51 del 23 febbraio 2006, è stata introdotta in tema di libertà di disposizione del patrimonio una nuova figura di negozio di destinazione che, fin dal suo esordio, ha posto problemi interpretativi ed applicativi di non poco conto dovuti ad una formulazione legislativa laconica ed imprecisa. Ci si è concentrati, dunque, premesso un breve excursus storico, proprio sui numerosi profili di criticità legati al dettato normativo cercando di dare voce alle spesso opposte interpretazioni dottrinali che si sono dovute scontrare sul fumoso e generico testo dell’art. 2645 ter c.c. Difatti, tutt’oggi rimangono irrisolti i seguenti interrogativi principali: se, stante la previsione del numerus clausus dei diritti reali, la novella non abbia scardinato tale principio tanto in relazione al “lato attivo” del beneficiario quanto in relazione alla “posizione passiva” del conferente il cui diritto sarebbe sottoposto ad una compressione. Ci si è chiesto se si tratti, dunque, di una nuova figura legislativa capace di creare diritti reali atipici, la cui legittimità potrebbe essere opportunamente invocata da una lettura costituzionalmente orientata della fattispecie. Ancora ci si è soffermati, in ragione della tipicità dei patrimoni separati, sulla questione della pretesa lesione della responsabilità patrimoniale nelle destinazioni tipiche ed atipiche in apparente contrasto con l’art. 2740, secondo comma c.c, asserendo che sono meritevoli tutti gli interessi leciti e la destinazione non reca pregiudizio ai creditori che quando lede la garanzia patrimoniale Il richiamo della norma all’art. 1322, secondo comma, c.c., ha poi imposto di affrontare il tema della meritevolezza degli interessi e quello dell’utilità sociale, oggetto di dibattito, peraltro, riaperto in una dottrina che da sempre ha manifestato una serie di incertezze rispetto alla nozione stessa. Connesso, inoltre, al suddetto tema è il rilievo significativo che, nella redazione di un atto di destinazione completo, assume il ruolo del Notaio al quale è deferita la valutazione degli interessi “meritevoli” nonché il compito di superare i numerosi problemi dovuti alla mancanza una disciplina finita. Questi e molti altri gli spunti di riflessione imposti dall’articolo in esame anche in considerazione delle ripercussioni che l’utilizzo dell’istituto può avere in termini di libera circolazione dei beni e di sufficiente allocazione delle risorse economiche. Il presente elaborato, infatti, ha tentato di valutare l’impatto sociale in termini economici derivante dall’applicazione dell’istituto, prospettandone gli scenari possibili, diversi in ragione delle molteplici risposte fornite dall’incerta formulazione della norma. Chiariti (o meno) i termini delle questioni affrontate, non si può negare l’esistenza di una nuova disciplina sostanziale in grado di offrire un valido strumento dispositivo in materie quali i rapporti patrimoniali familiari, nello specifico gli accordi di separazione o di convivenza. Inoltre, è stata proposta una ulteriore applicazione pratica dell’art. 2645 ter c.c. relativamente al mandato, ravvisandovi una soluzione utile per risolvere la vecchia questione inerente al mandato senza rappresentanza ed, in particolare, alla strumentalità dell’acquisto maturato in capo al mandatario. Inevitabile, poi, il raffronto con un istituto ………….il trust.
L'art. 2645 ter: atti di destinazione e meritevolezza degli interessi(2013 Apr 09).
L'art. 2645 ter: atti di destinazione e meritevolezza degli interessi
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2013-04-09
Abstract
This study centers on the acknowledgement of some narrow limits of our legal system within which private autonomy moves. A new kind of destination negotiation was introduced, thanks to the law n. 51 of February 23 2006, in the field of freedom of assets. Since its inception, it has posed interpretation and implementation problems due to a laconic and inaccurate legislative formulation. We focused therefore, provided a brief historic excursus, on the many critical issues related to the often conflicting interpretation of regulations that had to be confronted with the confusing and generic text of article 2645 ter of the Civil Code. Still remain unresolved the following key questions: whether, given the forecast of the numerus clausus of real rights, this principle has not been undermined both in relation to the " active side" of the beneficiary and to the "passive position" of the contributor, whose right would be subjected to a compression. We asked ourselves if this might give birth to a new legislative figure able to create real atypical rights, whose legitimacy could be properly invoked by a constitutional reading of the case. Again we focused, based on typical separated assets, on the issue of alleged infringement of financial liability in the typical and atypical destinations, in contrast with art. 2740, second paragraph, asserting that these are worthy of all interests and the legitimate destination doesn’t undermine creditors as when it injures the warranty sheet. The recall of the Regulation art. 1322, second paragraph, c.c., imposed to address the issue of the worthiness of interest and social utility, already a subject of debate, reopened, however, in a doctrine that has always shown a number of uncertainties regarding the concept itself. In addition, linked to the above issue is the significant importance that, in the preparation of an act of destination, assumes the role of the Notary whose task is to value the "deserving” interests and overcome the numerous problems due to lack of discipline. These, together with other causes of reflection, are laid down in the present article in consideration of the impact that the use of the institute can have in terms of free movement of goods and sufficient allocation of economic resources. The present study, in fact, attempts to assess the social impact in economic terms resulting from the implementation of the institute, imagining possible scenarios, which appear different due to the many possible interpretation caused by uncertain wording of the regulation. Cleared (or not) the terms of the issues addressed, the existence of a new substantive discipline can’t be denied, which can prove to be a valuable asset in such matters as family balance sheet, especially separation agreements or coexistence. In addition, it was suggested a further practical application of art. 2645 cc ter relative to the power of attorney, in particular attempting to find solutions to the old issue of the mandate without representation, and, especially, the instrumental purchase acquired by the agent. Inevitably, then, the comparison with an institution... the trust.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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