Approximately up to 5 %-10% of all cases of breast and ovarian cancers exhibit a familial pattern of incidence. During the 90s, reserchers discovered that this familial predisposition was caused by germline mutations in two tumor suppressor genes called BReast CAncer susceptibility gene 1 and 2, or BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in these genes are associated with a dominant autosomic genetic predisposition at high penetrance. It is now widely accepted that individuals, that inherit a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, have a significantly increased lifetime risk of developing breast or/and ovarian cancer. Our study aims to evaluate the presence of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 both in patients with breast and / or ovarian cancer both in their relatives. In the study, candidates identification was based on familial history and on the results provided by computer programs such as BRCAPRO and Manchester Scoring System. The approach used was based on BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequence screening by direct sequencing methods, while the study of large gene rearrangements was carried out by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification). To date, 741 patients were selected, 692 were women and 49 were men, with a mean age of onset disease of 44 years (range 16-84). BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutational analysis was completed on 725 patients. 191 mutations have been totally identified, 52 of which in BRCA1: - 19 frameshift, 17 missense, 3 nonsense, 2 splice site mutations, 7 intronic variants and 4 gene rearrangements; and 57 in BRCA2: II - 21 frameshift, 4 nonsense, 20 missense, 5 silent, intronic variants 5 and 2 in the splice site. Then the study was extended to 256 healthy subjects, relatives of analyzed patients. The analysis was completed on 181 subjects. A total of 77 mutations have been found: 22 in BRCA1 and 17 in BRCA2. The collected data confirm the possibility of detect predisposing mutations in high risk patients. Individuals carrying the mutation, will benefit from a prevention program.
Sulla base delle informazioni ad oggi disponibili, si stima che circa il 5-10% dei carcinomi mammari ed ovarici insorga su base eredo-familiare. Nel corso degli anni ‘90, sono stati identificati due geni oncosoppressori che, se mutati, sono responsabili della comparsa sia di tumori mammari che ovarici. Questi geni sono stati chiamati BReast CAncer susceptibility gene 1 e 2 ovvero BRCA1 e BRCA2. Le mutazioni di questi geni si trasmettono con modalità di tipo autosomico dominante. Da un punto di vista clinico, l’importanza nel rilevare mutazioni in questi geni, risiede nel fatto che i soggetti, portatori di mutazioni predisponenti, hanno un elevato rischio di ammalarsi di tumore. Il nostro studio si è proposto di valutare l’incidenza delle mutazioni germinali di BRCA1 e BRCA2 sia nei pazienti con neoplasia della mammella e/o dell’ovaio sia nei parenti dei pazienti portatori. L’identificazione dei soggetti candidati allo studio, si è basata sulle caratteristiche dell’anamnesi familiare e sui risultati forniti da programmi informatici quali BRCAPRO e Manchester Scoring System. Lo studio della sequenza nucleotidica di tutti gli esoni dei geni BRCA1 e BRCA2 è stato effettuato tramite sequenziamento diretto; mentre lo studio di grandi riarrangiamenti genici è stato effettuato grazie alla tecnica MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification). Ad oggi, sono stati selezionati 741 pazienti, di cui 692 donne e 49 uomini, con un’età mediana d’insorgenza della malattia di 44 anni (range 16-84). L’analisi mutazionale di BRCA1 e BRCA2 è stata completata su 725 pazienti. In totale sono state identificate 191 mutazioni, di cui 52 in BRCA1: 4 - 19 frameshift, 17 missenso 3 nonsenso, 2 mutazioni nel sito di splicing, 7 varianti introniche e 4 riarrangiamenti genici; e 57 in BRCA2: - 21 frameshift, 4 nonsenso, 20 missenso, 5 silenti, 5 varianti introniche e 2 mutazioni nel sito di splicing. Lo studio è stato esteso poi a 256 soggetti sani, parenti dei pazienti analizzati, dei quali 188 donne e 68 uomini. L’analisi è stata completata su 181 soggetti. Sono state trovate, in totale 77 mutazioni, di cui 22 in BRCA1 e 17 in BRCA2. I dati raccolti finora confermano la possibilità di rilevare mutazioni predisponenti allo sviluppo di carcinomi mammari ed ovarici in soggetti ad alto rischio. I soggetti identificati potranno quindi sottoporsi a strategie preventive.
Tumori eredo-familiari di mammella ed ovaio: analisi mutazionale dei geni BRCA1 e BRCA2 / Pagliaretta, Silvia. - (2013 Feb 18).
Tumori eredo-familiari di mammella ed ovaio: analisi mutazionale dei geni BRCA1 e BRCA2
Pagliaretta, Silvia
2013-02-18
Abstract
Approximately up to 5 %-10% of all cases of breast and ovarian cancers exhibit a familial pattern of incidence. During the 90s, reserchers discovered that this familial predisposition was caused by germline mutations in two tumor suppressor genes called BReast CAncer susceptibility gene 1 and 2, or BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in these genes are associated with a dominant autosomic genetic predisposition at high penetrance. It is now widely accepted that individuals, that inherit a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, have a significantly increased lifetime risk of developing breast or/and ovarian cancer. Our study aims to evaluate the presence of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 both in patients with breast and / or ovarian cancer both in their relatives. In the study, candidates identification was based on familial history and on the results provided by computer programs such as BRCAPRO and Manchester Scoring System. The approach used was based on BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequence screening by direct sequencing methods, while the study of large gene rearrangements was carried out by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification). To date, 741 patients were selected, 692 were women and 49 were men, with a mean age of onset disease of 44 years (range 16-84). BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutational analysis was completed on 725 patients. 191 mutations have been totally identified, 52 of which in BRCA1: - 19 frameshift, 17 missense, 3 nonsense, 2 splice site mutations, 7 intronic variants and 4 gene rearrangements; and 57 in BRCA2: II - 21 frameshift, 4 nonsense, 20 missense, 5 silent, intronic variants 5 and 2 in the splice site. Then the study was extended to 256 healthy subjects, relatives of analyzed patients. The analysis was completed on 181 subjects. A total of 77 mutations have been found: 22 in BRCA1 and 17 in BRCA2. The collected data confirm the possibility of detect predisposing mutations in high risk patients. Individuals carrying the mutation, will benefit from a prevention program.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi.Pagliaretta.pdf
Solo gestori archivio
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza d'uso:
Non specificato
Dimensione
792.41 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
792.41 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.