The present doctoral thesis started from recent researches about the well-known interaction between nutrition-environment-reproduction. Despite increasing interest in the biomedical role of probiotics and melatonin in mammals, there is still little available information regarding their roles in the reproductive endocrinology of teleosts. At this purpose, the aim of this PhD project was to study the nutritional and environmental factors affecting directly and/or indirectly the physiological and molecular processes of the reproductive axis, as gametogenesis, gamete quality and fecundity, using zebrafish and killifish as experimental models. In particular, how nutritional (functional foods) and environmental signals (melatonin) may affect reproductive performances, at brain and gonadal level, influencing the progression of oocyte → egg → embryo. At this regard, wide ranges of biomolecular techniques were applied, as RT-PCR, DNA array, SDSPAGE, enzymatic activity, in vitro maturation and histological assays. Moreover, for the first time in killifish, the FT-IR microspectroscopy was applied to provide the biochemical fingerprint of gametes (oocyte and sperm) and sperm motility analysis was performed to assess the effect of melatonin on the sperm motility and velocity of killifish. The influence of probiotic L. rhamnosus IMC 501®, administrated as food additive, on zebrafish reproduction is provided in Paper 1 where the role of probiotic on the endocrine/paracrine control of ovarian physiology (follicle development and fertility) as well as on embryo viability was investigated using zebrafish as experimental model. The effects of such dietary probiotic administration on killifish reproduction is provided in Paper 2 and suggested as well the functional role of this probiotic in the reproductive performances of this marine teleost, accelerating the early embryo development and exerting positive effects during larval development. The melatonin control of zebrafish reproduction is provided in Paper 3 and highlighted the involvement of melatonin in a wide complex system that regulates growth, energy metabolism and ovarian physiology. The effects of melatonin on killifish reproduction are provided in Paper 4 where its local action on the reproductive performances (follicle maturation and ovulation) of this marine species were analysed. Finally, the melatonin-mediated effects on the killifish neuroendocrine axis are provided in Paper 5 where the melatonin involvement in the complex network of signals that centrally and locally control reproduction, gametogenesis, gamete quality and progeny growth at different levels, was studies.
La presente tesi di dottorato prende spunto dalle recenti linee di ricerca sulla ben nota interazione tra nutrizione-ambiente-riproduzione. Nonostante il crescente interesse sul ruolo biomedico dei probiotici e della melatonina, risultano ancora ancora pochi dati disponibili riguardo il loro ruolo nell’endocrinologia riproducctiva dei teleostei. A questo proposito, lo scopo di questo progetto è stato di studiare i fattori nutrizionali e ambientali che influenzano direttamente e/o indirettamente i processi fisiologici e molecolari lungo l’asse riproduttivo, come la gametogenesis, la qualità dei gameti e la fecondità, usando zebrafish e killifish come modelli sperimentali. In particolare, è stata posta maggiore attenzione su come i segnali nutrizionali (cibi funzionali) e ambientali (melatonina) possano influenzare le performance riproduttive, a livello cerebrale e gonadico, modulando la progressione oocita → uovo → embrione. Per questo motivo sono state utilizzate svariate tecniche biomolecolari, come RT-PCR, DNA array, SDS-PAGE, attività enzimatica, maturazione folliculare in vitro e tecniche istologiche. Inoltre, per la prima volta in killifish, è stata applicata la microspectroscopia FT-IR per ottenere l’impronta biochimica dei gameti (oocita e spermatozoo) di questo teleosteo e infine analisi di motilità spermatica sono state effettuate per valutare l’effetto della melatonina sulla biologia spermatica di killifish. L’effetto del probiotico L. rhamnosus IMC 501®, somministrato come additivo alimentare sulla rispoduction di zebrafish è spiegato nel Paper 1 dove è stato studiato il ruolo del probiotico sul controllo endocrino/paracrine dell’ ovario (sviluppo del follicolo e fertilità) coì come sulla vitalità embrionale di zebrafish. Gli effetti della dieta arricchita con probiotico sulla riproduzione di killifish è stato affrontato nel Paper 2 e suggerisce il ruolo funzionale del probiotico sulle performance riproduttive di questo teleosteo marino, accelerando le prime fasi dell sviluppo embrionale ed esercitando effetti positivi durantelo sviluppo larvale. Il controllo della melatonina sulla riproduzione di zebrafish è stato indagato nel Paper 3 dove si domonstra il coninvolgimento di questo ormone sul complesso sistema che regola crescita, metabolismo energetico e fisiologia ovarica. Gli effetti della melatonina sulla riproduzione di killifish sono stato studiati nel Paper 4 dove è stato evidenziato un ruolo locale della melatonina sulle performance riproduttive di questo teleosteo marino (mturazione follicolare e ovulazione). In fine, gli effetti mediati dalla melatonina sul’asse neuroendocrine di killifish sono stati affrontati nel Paper 5 dove è stato evidenziato il conivolgimento della melatonina sul complessa rete di segnali che centralmente e localmente controllano la riproduzione, la gametogenesis, la qualità dei gameti e la crescita della progenie, a diversi livelli.
New insights into control of gametogenesis by environmental conditions and metabolic resources / Lombardo, Francesco. - (2012 Feb 17).
New insights into control of gametogenesis by environmental conditions and metabolic resources
LOMBARDO, FRANCESCO
2012-02-17
Abstract
The present doctoral thesis started from recent researches about the well-known interaction between nutrition-environment-reproduction. Despite increasing interest in the biomedical role of probiotics and melatonin in mammals, there is still little available information regarding their roles in the reproductive endocrinology of teleosts. At this purpose, the aim of this PhD project was to study the nutritional and environmental factors affecting directly and/or indirectly the physiological and molecular processes of the reproductive axis, as gametogenesis, gamete quality and fecundity, using zebrafish and killifish as experimental models. In particular, how nutritional (functional foods) and environmental signals (melatonin) may affect reproductive performances, at brain and gonadal level, influencing the progression of oocyte → egg → embryo. At this regard, wide ranges of biomolecular techniques were applied, as RT-PCR, DNA array, SDSPAGE, enzymatic activity, in vitro maturation and histological assays. Moreover, for the first time in killifish, the FT-IR microspectroscopy was applied to provide the biochemical fingerprint of gametes (oocyte and sperm) and sperm motility analysis was performed to assess the effect of melatonin on the sperm motility and velocity of killifish. The influence of probiotic L. rhamnosus IMC 501®, administrated as food additive, on zebrafish reproduction is provided in Paper 1 where the role of probiotic on the endocrine/paracrine control of ovarian physiology (follicle development and fertility) as well as on embryo viability was investigated using zebrafish as experimental model. The effects of such dietary probiotic administration on killifish reproduction is provided in Paper 2 and suggested as well the functional role of this probiotic in the reproductive performances of this marine teleost, accelerating the early embryo development and exerting positive effects during larval development. The melatonin control of zebrafish reproduction is provided in Paper 3 and highlighted the involvement of melatonin in a wide complex system that regulates growth, energy metabolism and ovarian physiology. The effects of melatonin on killifish reproduction are provided in Paper 4 where its local action on the reproductive performances (follicle maturation and ovulation) of this marine species were analysed. Finally, the melatonin-mediated effects on the killifish neuroendocrine axis are provided in Paper 5 where the melatonin involvement in the complex network of signals that centrally and locally control reproduction, gametogenesis, gamete quality and progeny growth at different levels, was studies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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