Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Main problems in the management of this disease are represented by the lack of early diagnosis assays, reliable disease biomarkers and effective therapies, due to insufficient understanding of disease pathogenesis. Moreover, early stage SSc may be undistinguishable from Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (PRP, common in about 3% of the general female population). Anti-PDGF receptor (PDGFR) agonistic autoantibodies were identified as pathogenic factors in SSc, due to their pro-oxidative stress and pro-fibrotic activity. Aim of this experimental thesis was to confirm that anti-PDGFR autoantibodies can be regarded to as novel biomarkers of SSc. To achieve this aim, we sought to establish a simple and reproducible assay to detect such autoantibodies in the serum. Groups of SSc, early SSc, PRP patients and healthy controls were analysed by ELISA based on recombinant human PDGFRα, which showed that in SSc patients the positivity to these autoantibodies is significantly higher. Subsequent aim of this thesis was to improve the diagnostic power of this assay, thanks to novel data obtained by PDGFRα epitope mapping. In fact, we discovered that anti-PDGFR autoantibodies include different antibody specificities, some of which are not endowed with biological activities, thus are not related to disease phenotype. Using synthetic PDGFR peptides bound only by stimulatory autoantibodies, but not by nonagonistic autoantibodies, we developed a competitive ELISA with remarkable increase of assay specificity. These novel assays will allow the prospective screening of large cohorts of patients suspect for SSc, which will definitively assess the predictive value of anti-PDGFRα autoantibodies.
La sclerosi sistemica (SSc) è una malattia rara cronica ed autoimmune del tessuto connettivo caratterizzata da fibrosi della cute e degli organi interni. I principali problemi nella gestione di questa malattia sono rappresentati: dalla mancanza di test per la diagnosi precoce, di biomarker di malattia affidabili e di terapie efficaci, a causa di una insufficiente comprensione della patogenesi della malattia. Inoltre, nelle fasi iniziali la SSc può essere indistinguibile dal Fenomeno di Raynaud primario (PRP, comune nel circa 3% della popolazione femminile). Gli autoanticorpi anti-recettore del PDGF (PDGFR) agonisti sono stati identificati come fattori patogeni della SSc, a causa della loro attività di induzione di stress ossidativo ed attività profibrotica. Lo scopo di questa tesi sperimentale è stato quello di confermare che gli autoanticorpi anti- PDGFR possono essere considerati come nuovi biomarker della SSc. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, abbiamo cercato di mettere a punto un saggio semplice e riproducibile per rilevare tali autoanticorpi nel siero. Gruppi di pazienti affetti da SSc, da SSc precoce, da PRP e controlli sani sono stati analizzati in ELISA diretto basato sul PDGFRα umano ricombinante, e il saggio ha dimostrato che nei pazienti affetti da SSc la positività a questi autoanticorpi è significativamente superiore. L’obiettivo successivo di questa tesi è stato quello di migliorare il potere diagnostico del saggio, grazie ai nuovi dati ottenuti dalla mappatura degli epitopi del PDGFRα. Abbiamo scoperto che gli autoanticorpi anti-PDGFR possiedono specificità diverse, alcuni non sono dotati di attività biologica, quindi non sono legati al fenotipo della malattia. Usando peptidi conformazionali del PDGFR riconosciuti solo da autoanticorpi stimolanti, ma non da autoanticorpi non-agonisti, abbiamo sviluppato un ELISA competitivo con notevole incremento di specificità del saggio. Questi nuovi saggi permetteranno di fare uno studio prospettico su grandi coorti di pazienti sospetti per SSc, permettendo di attribuire il valore predittivo degli autoanticorpi anti-PDGFRα.
Development of a diagnostic assay for systemic sclerosis / Pozniak, Katarzyna Natalia. - (2013 Feb 18).
Development of a diagnostic assay for systemic sclerosis
Pozniak, Katarzyna Natalia
2013-02-18
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Main problems in the management of this disease are represented by the lack of early diagnosis assays, reliable disease biomarkers and effective therapies, due to insufficient understanding of disease pathogenesis. Moreover, early stage SSc may be undistinguishable from Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (PRP, common in about 3% of the general female population). Anti-PDGF receptor (PDGFR) agonistic autoantibodies were identified as pathogenic factors in SSc, due to their pro-oxidative stress and pro-fibrotic activity. Aim of this experimental thesis was to confirm that anti-PDGFR autoantibodies can be regarded to as novel biomarkers of SSc. To achieve this aim, we sought to establish a simple and reproducible assay to detect such autoantibodies in the serum. Groups of SSc, early SSc, PRP patients and healthy controls were analysed by ELISA based on recombinant human PDGFRα, which showed that in SSc patients the positivity to these autoantibodies is significantly higher. Subsequent aim of this thesis was to improve the diagnostic power of this assay, thanks to novel data obtained by PDGFRα epitope mapping. In fact, we discovered that anti-PDGFR autoantibodies include different antibody specificities, some of which are not endowed with biological activities, thus are not related to disease phenotype. Using synthetic PDGFR peptides bound only by stimulatory autoantibodies, but not by nonagonistic autoantibodies, we developed a competitive ELISA with remarkable increase of assay specificity. These novel assays will allow the prospective screening of large cohorts of patients suspect for SSc, which will definitively assess the predictive value of anti-PDGFRα autoantibodies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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