The impact of agriculture on the environment is twofold and bidirectional. On the one hand, agricultural activity generates multiple pressures on the environment through, for instance, water pollution (phosphates and nitrates), habitat alteration, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and emission of GreenHouse Gases (GHGs). On the other hand, however, agriculture can also grant environmental benefits by sequestrating GHGs, preventing and controlling floods, protecting landscapes and conserving biodiversity. Given this bidirectional relationship, one of the critical questions about the link between agriculture and the environment is whether and how the increase of agricultural production and productivity, that typically accompanies economic growth, affects the impact of agriculture on the environment or, in other words, affects its environmental sustainability. This empirical work investigates the link between the growth of the agricultural sector and its environmental impact. This assessment is pursued by reconstructing regional long-term emission series to improve robustness of the empirical evidence also by adopting appropriate panel econometrics’ techniques. Working with sector-level emission allows to get rid of the inter-sectoral composition effects that is expected to strongly affect the relation between agricultural emissions and aggregate economic growth. Therefore, the empirical results can be interpreted as the eventual combination of the sector-level forces, that is, scale, technological and intrasectoral composition effects. The paper also adopts two alternative specifications of the sectoral ECK, one expressed in terms of emissions per unit of agricultural workforce, the other in terms of emissions per unit of agricultural value added. Results suggest that no robust evidence of the EKC emerges across the different specifications, estimators and periods. Nonetheless, results may also indicate that the period under observation actually concentrates just in the area of decoupling between agricultural emissions and growth.
Le relazione tra agricoltura e ambiente è complessa e biunivoca. Esistono ovviamente diversi modi per studiare gli impatti di un’attività economica sull’ambiente, uno dei più interessanti è vedere che relazione esiste tra il degrado ambientale e la crescita, intesa in termini di reddito pro capite. A partire dagli anni Novanta, si è sviluppato un filone di letteratura empirica con il proposito di studiare questa relazione. La scoperta principale è stata la cosiddetta curva di Kuznets ambientale (EKC-Environmental Kuznets Curve). Tale curva descrive l’andamento, prima crescente poi decrescente, del degrado ambientale al crescere del reddito. Scopo del lavoro proposto è verificare un’ipotesi tipo EKC a livello settoriale, per l’agricoltura italiana. A tal fine sono state ricostruite le serie storiche regionali delle emissioni di gas serra di origine agricola e sono stati raccolti dati sui fertilizzanti e l’azoto totale distribuiti. Lavorare a livello settoriale permette di eliminare alcuni dei problemi legati alla EKC classica, e nello stesso tempo, permette l’emergere di un eventuale combinazione di un effetto scala, tecnologico e di composizione intra-settoriale. Al fine di testare l’ipotesi Kuznets, vengono adottate due specificazioni alternative della EKC: una espressa in termini di emissioni per unità di lavoro agricolo e l’altra espressa in termini di emissioni per valore aggiunto agricolo. I risultati non sono in favore di una robusta evidenza di tipo Kuznets tra le diverse specificazioni, ma possono anche indicare che il periodo di osservazione dei dati non è sufficientemente lungo e che anzi potrebbe concentrarsi nell’area di delinking tra crescita del settore agricolo e il suo impatto ambientale.
La produzione di inquinanti dell'agricoltura italiana. Un'analisi mediante la curva di Kuznets ambientale / Coderoni, Silvia. - (2011 Feb 17).
La produzione di inquinanti dell'agricoltura italiana. Un'analisi mediante la curva di Kuznets ambientale
Coderoni, Silvia
2011-02-17
Abstract
The impact of agriculture on the environment is twofold and bidirectional. On the one hand, agricultural activity generates multiple pressures on the environment through, for instance, water pollution (phosphates and nitrates), habitat alteration, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and emission of GreenHouse Gases (GHGs). On the other hand, however, agriculture can also grant environmental benefits by sequestrating GHGs, preventing and controlling floods, protecting landscapes and conserving biodiversity. Given this bidirectional relationship, one of the critical questions about the link between agriculture and the environment is whether and how the increase of agricultural production and productivity, that typically accompanies economic growth, affects the impact of agriculture on the environment or, in other words, affects its environmental sustainability. This empirical work investigates the link between the growth of the agricultural sector and its environmental impact. This assessment is pursued by reconstructing regional long-term emission series to improve robustness of the empirical evidence also by adopting appropriate panel econometrics’ techniques. Working with sector-level emission allows to get rid of the inter-sectoral composition effects that is expected to strongly affect the relation between agricultural emissions and aggregate economic growth. Therefore, the empirical results can be interpreted as the eventual combination of the sector-level forces, that is, scale, technological and intrasectoral composition effects. The paper also adopts two alternative specifications of the sectoral ECK, one expressed in terms of emissions per unit of agricultural workforce, the other in terms of emissions per unit of agricultural value added. Results suggest that no robust evidence of the EKC emerges across the different specifications, estimators and periods. Nonetheless, results may also indicate that the period under observation actually concentrates just in the area of decoupling between agricultural emissions and growth.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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