Any dynamic of energy products price leads to changes both at the level of the real economy and also with regards to financial markets. Among energy commodi- ties, crude oil and natural gas are the most consumed in the production of a wide variety of goods and services; they are recognized as inflationary commodities as long as each fluctuation of their prices is quickly reflected in the final price of other goods and services. Therefore, it is important for global portfolio investors to understand the level of susceptibility of stock and bonds prices to movements in oil and natural gas prices. This work aims to study the extent to which oil and natural gas price movements influence stock and bond markets worldwide. There is a huge literature with varied approaches regarding the interactions between oil price and stock market, a smaller number of works about oil and bond markets, natural gas and stocks, or natural gas and bonds, and an insigni ficant amount of studies concerning the simultaneous interaction of all four markets together. Thus, the first novelty that this thesis brings into attention relates to the si- multaneous analysis of stock, bonds, crude oil and natural gas markets, in order to observe the influence of both oil and natural gas on stock and bond markets con- currently. The necessity of simultaneous analysis is due to the fact that studying financial markets in isolation off ers no relevant solutions, as long as one influences others. The second aim and value of the research is the employment of two diff erent approaches in making the empirical analysis: accordingly, the multivariate GARCH BEKK (1,1) model is applied, and then the intermarket analysis used by professional traders is utilised. There are 93 time series involved in the empirical analysis, covering 31 di fferent markets. The time series consist of general stock indices, oil and natural gas com- panies indices, transportation industry indices, 10Y government bond indices, West Texas Intermediate spot prices, and Natural Gas Henry Hub spot prices. The em- pirical analyses are made using weekly values of oil and natural gas logarithmic spot price returns, and stock/bond index logarithmic spot price returns. The research study is conducted over a time period ranging from February 1998 until September 2010. The methodologies used in the empirical part are both applied to the entire time period and two other sub-periods, namely February 1998 - December 2006 and January 2007 - September 2010. The decision to split the entire time period into two sub-periods, and to analyse them independently, is asserted by the presence of the financial crises. According to the results off ered by the empirical analyses, there are countries where oil and natural gas have no influence on financial market returns, despite of the importance that these commodities have in relation to general economic activity. Hence, broadly speaking both econometric and intermarket analyses emphasize that oil and natural gas prices have had especially signi cant impacts upon the returns of speci fic activity indices, and only after the financial crisis started they have also begun to influence the general stock indices. Both methods reveal that financial crisis has determined the increment of interactions between stock, bond, oil, and natural gas markets at the global level. Nevertheless, application of the two di fferent methods on the same dataset yields some contradictory results.
Le dinamiche dei prezzi dei prodotti energetici producono cambiamenti sia sull'economia reale, sia riguardo ai mercati finanziari. Tra le commodities dell'energia, il petrolio ed il gas naturale sono i beni più consumati nella produzione di una grande varietà di beni e servizi; essi sono riconosciuti come commodities che portano inflazione poichè ogni fluttuazione del loro prezzo si ripercuote nel prezzo finale di beni e servizi. E' perciò fondamentale che gli investitori capiscano il livello di suscettibilità del prezzo degli stock e dei bond rispetto ai movimenti nei prezzi di petrolio e gas naturale. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è mostrare come i movimenti nei prezzi di petrolio e gas naturale influenzino i mercati stock e bond di tutto il mondo. In letteratura esiste una grande quantità di lavori relativi all'interazione tra prezzo del petrolio e mercati stock, mentre un ridotto numero di contributi riguarda petrolio e mercato dei bond, gas naturale e mercato degli stock, gas naturale e mercato dei bond. La principale innovazione di questo lavoro riguarda l'interazione congiunta tra i mercati di stock, bond, petrolio e gas naturale, tema finora trattato da un numero davvero esiguo di contributi scienti fici. La necessità di questo tipo di analisi dipende dal fatto che lo studio dei mercati finanziari considerati separatamente non tiene conto delle influenze che gli uni provocano sugli altri. Il secondo obiettivo che questo lavoro si propone è l'applicazione di due diff erenti approcci all'interno della stessa analisi empirica: in particolare, vengono applicati il modello BEKK(1,1), che appartiene alla famiglia dei GARCH multivariati, e l'intermarket analysis, un approccio utilizzato soprattutto dai trader. Nell'analisi empirica vengono utilizzate 93 serie storiche relative a 31 diversi mercati: esse sono costituite da indici del mercato degli stock, indici sul prezzo del petrolio e del gas naturale, indici dell'industria dei trasporti, indici relativi ai bond a 10 anni, West Texas Intermediate spot prices e Natural Gas Henry spot prices. Tutta l'analisi è condotta su dati con frequenza settimanale, dove i rendimenti sono calcolati attraverso la di fferenza logaritmica. Il periodo considerato va dal febbraio 1998 fino al settembre 2010. Entrambi i modelli scelti vengono applicati sia per l'intero periodo, sia per due speci fici sottoperiodi: il primo va dal febbraio 1998 al dicembre 2006, il secondo va dal gennaio 2007 al settembre 2010. Il motivo di questa separazione del campione in due parti risiede nella possibilità di analizzare separatamente gli scenari precedenti e quelli successivi alla recente crisi finanziaria. L'analisi empirica condotta mostra che ci sono paesi nei quali petrolio e gas naturale non influenzano i rendimenti sui mercati finanziari, nonostante l'importanza di questi beni commodities nell'attività economica. In pratica, entrambi i modelli utilizzati|modello econometrico o intermarket analysis|convergono sulla conclu- sione che i prezzi di petrolio e gas naturale hanno esercitato un impatto soprattutto sui rendimenti di indici specifi ci, mentre hanno iniziato ad influenzare i mercati degli stock solo successivamente alla crisi. Tali modelli inoltre segnalano che la crisi ha determinato l'incremento delle interazioni tra i mercati di stock, bond, petrolio e gas naturale a livello globale. Tuttavia, l'utilizzo dei due differenti approcci sullo stesso dataset produce alcuni risultati contraddittori.
The impact of oil and natural gas prices on financial markets returns in the long-run / Nicolau, Mihaela. - (2011 Feb 11).
The impact of oil and natural gas prices on financial markets returns in the long-run
NICOLAU, MIHAELA
2011-02-11
Abstract
Any dynamic of energy products price leads to changes both at the level of the real economy and also with regards to financial markets. Among energy commodi- ties, crude oil and natural gas are the most consumed in the production of a wide variety of goods and services; they are recognized as inflationary commodities as long as each fluctuation of their prices is quickly reflected in the final price of other goods and services. Therefore, it is important for global portfolio investors to understand the level of susceptibility of stock and bonds prices to movements in oil and natural gas prices. This work aims to study the extent to which oil and natural gas price movements influence stock and bond markets worldwide. There is a huge literature with varied approaches regarding the interactions between oil price and stock market, a smaller number of works about oil and bond markets, natural gas and stocks, or natural gas and bonds, and an insigni ficant amount of studies concerning the simultaneous interaction of all four markets together. Thus, the first novelty that this thesis brings into attention relates to the si- multaneous analysis of stock, bonds, crude oil and natural gas markets, in order to observe the influence of both oil and natural gas on stock and bond markets con- currently. The necessity of simultaneous analysis is due to the fact that studying financial markets in isolation off ers no relevant solutions, as long as one influences others. The second aim and value of the research is the employment of two diff erent approaches in making the empirical analysis: accordingly, the multivariate GARCH BEKK (1,1) model is applied, and then the intermarket analysis used by professional traders is utilised. There are 93 time series involved in the empirical analysis, covering 31 di fferent markets. The time series consist of general stock indices, oil and natural gas com- panies indices, transportation industry indices, 10Y government bond indices, West Texas Intermediate spot prices, and Natural Gas Henry Hub spot prices. The em- pirical analyses are made using weekly values of oil and natural gas logarithmic spot price returns, and stock/bond index logarithmic spot price returns. The research study is conducted over a time period ranging from February 1998 until September 2010. The methodologies used in the empirical part are both applied to the entire time period and two other sub-periods, namely February 1998 - December 2006 and January 2007 - September 2010. The decision to split the entire time period into two sub-periods, and to analyse them independently, is asserted by the presence of the financial crises. According to the results off ered by the empirical analyses, there are countries where oil and natural gas have no influence on financial market returns, despite of the importance that these commodities have in relation to general economic activity. Hence, broadly speaking both econometric and intermarket analyses emphasize that oil and natural gas prices have had especially signi cant impacts upon the returns of speci fic activity indices, and only after the financial crisis started they have also begun to influence the general stock indices. Both methods reveal that financial crisis has determined the increment of interactions between stock, bond, oil, and natural gas markets at the global level. Nevertheless, application of the two di fferent methods on the same dataset yields some contradictory results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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