In mammals, two functionally different type of adipose tissues are contained in a multi-depot organ: the adipose organ. It consists of several subcutaneous and visceral depots. Some areas of these depots are brown and correspond to brown adipose tissue, wich is specialized in energy expenditure, while many are white and correspond to white adipose tissue, the primary site of triglyceride storage. Cold acclimatisation induces an increase in the brown component without affecting the overall number of adipocytes; so far this form of plasticity was associated to obesity and diabetes resistance in experimental models. In this work we performed an anatomical study of adult C57BL/6J mice, which on HFD develop severe obesity, hyperglycemia and isulin resistance. The aim of this work was to check the percentage of white and brown adipocytes of all fat depots that make up the adipose organ of this strain at 28 ° C (control group) and 6 ° C. Was also monitored the thermogenic status of ML adipocytes through the expression of UCP1 protein and carried out a systematic study on the number of tyrosine hydroxylase parenchymal (noradrenergic)-positive nerve fibers (no. of fibers per 100 adipocytes). The cellular composition of all depots was mixed, with both cellular populations represented, there are not completely pure. This shows the existence of an adipose organ also in C57BL/6J. In the control animals the prevalent cell type were withe adipocytes (77% of all adipocytes), conversely in the cold-acclimated mice there was a prevalence of brown adipocytes (60% of all adipocytes); of these the 79% were immunoreactive for UCP1 antibody. After cold acclimation the total number of adipocytes in the adipose organ was unchanged, the number of brown adipocytes increased significantly (+37% p = 0.011) and the number of white adipocytes decreased by approximately the same amount (-41% p= 0.05). No evidence of apoptosis of white adipocytes was detected. The most prominent differences in cell composition (adipocyte plasticity) were found in the anterior subcutaneous (ASC) and in the abdomino- pelvic depots (AP). In a study conducted in 2005 on strain considered resistant to dietary induced obesity (SV129), was observed that the adipose organ contained a greater amount of ML in both conditions (28 ° C and 6 ° C) and the most changed depots were posterior subcutaneous (PSC) and the mesenteric (MES). In the control group the thermogenic protein UCP1 was expressed only in 34% of ML adipocyes, but their number increase significantly after cold exposure (79% p=0,02). The proportion of brown adipocytes UCP1+ is positively correlated with noradrenergic fiber density especially in the cold-acclimated mice, suggesting a crucial role of nervous system on the changes of the adipose organ after cold exposure. In many depots of C57BL (both 28°C and 6°C),especially after cold acclimation were observed Paucilocular cells (the “transdifferentiation marker”). In In this strain, like in SV129 the adipose organ shrank in volume; this reduction corresponded to the volume reduction of each brown and white adipocyte. Overall, these modifications of the adipose organ suggest a process of transdifferentiation of white into brown adipocytes in cold-acclimated mice confirming what was observed in the SV129 mice. In conclusion we can affirm that the phenotypic plasticity of the whole adipose organ is independent of genetic background, that could affect a greater change in a depot rather than in another .
Nei mammiferi si possono distinguere due tipi di tessuto adiposo che collaborando per un fine strategico e funzionale costituiscono l’ Organo Adiposo. Questi due tessuti sono il bianco (WAT) ed il bruno (BAT). Il BAT e’ specializzato nella produzione di calore, mentre il WAT e’ necessario all’ organismo per conservare energia in eccesso sottoforma di trigliceridi . L’ acclimatazione a freddo induce un incremento della componente bruna, senza modificare il numero totale di cellule. Questa forma di plasticita’ cellulare fino ad ora e’ stata associata a modelli animali che possiedono resistenza all’obesita’ ed al diabete. In questo lavoro e’ stato effettuato uno studio anatomico di topi adulti C57BL/6J (B6), linea molto sensibile allo sviluppo della sindrome metabolica con obesita’, iperglicemia e insulinoresistenza se alimentati con HFD . Lo scopo e’ stato quello di verificare la percentuale di adipociti bianchi e bruni di tutti i depositi che compongono l’Organo Adiposo di questo ceppo a 28°C (gruppo di controllo) ed a 6°C. Inoltre e’ stato verificato lo stato termogenico degli adipociti ML tramite l’espressione della proteina UCP1 ed effettuato uno studio sistematico sul numero di fibre noradrenergiche parenchimali TH (Tirosina idrossilasi) positive. La composizione cellulare di tutti i depositi era mista, con entrambi i citotipi rappresentati, non ne sono stati trovati di completamente puri. Questo dato conferma l’ esistenza di un Organo Adiposo . Nei controlli il 77% degli adipociti era UL, mentre negli animali acclimatati a freddo sono piu’ numerose le ML, che rappresentano il 60% di tutti gli adipociti, di questi il 79% era immunoreattivo per l’ anticorpo UCP1. Dopo l’esposizione a 6°C il numero totale di adipociti nell’ organo adiposo non era cambiato, il numero di ML era incrementato in modo significativo (+ 37% p =0.011) e il numero di UL era diminuito approssimativamente della stessa proporzione (- 41% p= 0.05). Non e’ stata trovata nessuna evidenza di apoptosi tra gli adipociti bianchi. Questi dati documentano una plasticita’ dell’ organo adiposo dei B6 che e’ stata osservata maggiormente nel deposito sottocutaneo anteriore (ASC) e nell’ addomino pelvico (AP), mentre in uno studio effettuato in passato su un ceppo piu’ resistente all’ obesita’ (SV129), che presentava una maggior quantita’ di ML sia a caldo che a freddo i depositi piu’ trasformati erano il sottocutaneo posteriore (PSC) ed il mesenterico (MES). La proteina UCP1 che riflette l’attivazione della termogenesi (non shivering) a freddo e’ espressa nel 34% degli adipociti bruni dei controlli, il loro numero incrementa significativamente a 6°C (79% p=0,02). L’ aumento dell’ espressione di UCP1 correla positivamente con quella della Tirosina-idrossilasi (TH), soprattutto negli animali esposti a freddo, suggerendo un ruolo fondamentale del sistema nervoso nella trasformazione dell’ organo adiposo. In molti depositi dei C57BL sia a caldo, ma soprattutto dopo acclimatazione a 6°C sono state osservate molte cellule “Pauciloculari”. In questa linea, come nei 129SV il volume totale dell’ organo si riduce e questo e’giustificato da una diminuzione di volume anche degli adipociti UL ed ML. Complessivamente tutte queste osservazioni suggeriscono un processo di Transdifferenziazione degli adipociti bianchi in adipociti bruni nei topi acclimatati a freddo, confermando quanto gia’ osservato nella linea SV129. concludendo possiamo affermare che la plasticita’ dell’ organo adiposo e’ indipendente dal background genetico, che invece potrebbe influire nel cambiamento di alcuni depositi piuttosto che altri.
Studio morfologico e quantitativo dell'organo adiposo di topi C57BL/6J in differenti condizioni sperimentali / Vitali, Alessandra. - (2011 Feb 08).
Studio morfologico e quantitativo dell'organo adiposo di topi C57BL/6J in differenti condizioni sperimentali
Vitali, Alessandra
2011-02-08
Abstract
In mammals, two functionally different type of adipose tissues are contained in a multi-depot organ: the adipose organ. It consists of several subcutaneous and visceral depots. Some areas of these depots are brown and correspond to brown adipose tissue, wich is specialized in energy expenditure, while many are white and correspond to white adipose tissue, the primary site of triglyceride storage. Cold acclimatisation induces an increase in the brown component without affecting the overall number of adipocytes; so far this form of plasticity was associated to obesity and diabetes resistance in experimental models. In this work we performed an anatomical study of adult C57BL/6J mice, which on HFD develop severe obesity, hyperglycemia and isulin resistance. The aim of this work was to check the percentage of white and brown adipocytes of all fat depots that make up the adipose organ of this strain at 28 ° C (control group) and 6 ° C. Was also monitored the thermogenic status of ML adipocytes through the expression of UCP1 protein and carried out a systematic study on the number of tyrosine hydroxylase parenchymal (noradrenergic)-positive nerve fibers (no. of fibers per 100 adipocytes). The cellular composition of all depots was mixed, with both cellular populations represented, there are not completely pure. This shows the existence of an adipose organ also in C57BL/6J. In the control animals the prevalent cell type were withe adipocytes (77% of all adipocytes), conversely in the cold-acclimated mice there was a prevalence of brown adipocytes (60% of all adipocytes); of these the 79% were immunoreactive for UCP1 antibody. After cold acclimation the total number of adipocytes in the adipose organ was unchanged, the number of brown adipocytes increased significantly (+37% p = 0.011) and the number of white adipocytes decreased by approximately the same amount (-41% p= 0.05). No evidence of apoptosis of white adipocytes was detected. The most prominent differences in cell composition (adipocyte plasticity) were found in the anterior subcutaneous (ASC) and in the abdomino- pelvic depots (AP). In a study conducted in 2005 on strain considered resistant to dietary induced obesity (SV129), was observed that the adipose organ contained a greater amount of ML in both conditions (28 ° C and 6 ° C) and the most changed depots were posterior subcutaneous (PSC) and the mesenteric (MES). In the control group the thermogenic protein UCP1 was expressed only in 34% of ML adipocyes, but their number increase significantly after cold exposure (79% p=0,02). The proportion of brown adipocytes UCP1+ is positively correlated with noradrenergic fiber density especially in the cold-acclimated mice, suggesting a crucial role of nervous system on the changes of the adipose organ after cold exposure. In many depots of C57BL (both 28°C and 6°C),especially after cold acclimation were observed Paucilocular cells (the “transdifferentiation marker”). In In this strain, like in SV129 the adipose organ shrank in volume; this reduction corresponded to the volume reduction of each brown and white adipocyte. Overall, these modifications of the adipose organ suggest a process of transdifferentiation of white into brown adipocytes in cold-acclimated mice confirming what was observed in the SV129 mice. In conclusion we can affirm that the phenotypic plasticity of the whole adipose organ is independent of genetic background, that could affect a greater change in a depot rather than in another .File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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