Trattamento del carcinoma del pancreas. Attualità e prospettive

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the deadliest solid malignancies, with an extremely poor prognosis, with a 1-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Low survival rates of PDAC mainly derive from late diagnosis, with only a minority of patients amenable to surgery, as well as high rates of relapse and lack of effective treatments for advanced disease stages. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of new effective therapies. At present, the greatest step towards an improvement of treatment has been made with the introduction of two combination chemotherapy regimens, namely FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. However, current research is also taking a multidirectional approach aiming at developing new treatment options, such as the use of agents targeting the oncogenic network signaling of KRAS or the extracellular matrix, as well as immune therapies.