Socio-ecological Assessment of Landscape Systems: Toward an Integrated Perspective

Socio-ecological and landscape models typically reflect self-organized development rather than patterns controlled by a central institution, even in the face of exogenous stresses (e.g., climate change) impacting their sustainability characteristics and resilience potential. Based on this assumption, the present contribution discusses complex landscape systems from a multidisciplinary perspective, providing concrete environmental and economic examples, and revealing – from an operational and planning perspective – how “complex thinking and acting” is useful not only for landscape science but also for policy implications.