Intravenous immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma treatment in the COVID-19 patient

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for COVID-19 disease, proved to cause the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system in a small percentage of patients, which resulted in immune dysregulation with massive inflammatory responses and cytokines release. At the same time, complex interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and immune system led to a higher evidence of COVID-19 related autoimmune diseases. In this chapter, we analyze the probable mechanisms of action of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reported evidence in which IVIg proved to be useful in severe COVID-19 disease and in the management of immune dysregulation. Similarly, the use of IVIg was important in the treatment of autoimmune diseases related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We also discuss the use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 disease.